Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Heart disease in
kids-epidem & aetiology
- epidemiology
- mostly
congenital
- commonest
single group of
structural
malformations in
infants
- 8 per 1000 liveborn
infants have sig
cardiac malfomations
- some CV abnormality is
present in 1-2% of live
births
- 1 in 10 stillborn
infants have a
cardiac anomaly
- 80% of lesions accounted for by 9 commonest anomalies
- left to
rights
shunts
(breathless)
- VSD
(30%)
- Persistent
arterial
duct (12%)
- ASD
(7%)
- right to left
shunts (blue)
- Fallot's
Tetralogy
(5%)
- Transposition
of the great
arteries (5%)
- common mixing
(breathless &
blue)
- AVSD
(complete)
(2%)
- outflow
obstruction in
well child
(asymp w/ a
murmur)
- pulmonary
stenosis
(7%)
- aortic
stenosis
(5%)
- outflow obstruction in a sick neonate
(collapsed w/ shock)
- aortic coarctation (5%)
- Aetiology
- maternal disorders
- rubella infection
- peripheral pulmonary stenosis
- persistent ductus arteriosus
- freq= 30-35%
- SLE
- complete heart block (anti-Ro & anti-La antibody)
- freq= 35%
- diabetes mellitus
- increased incidence
of cardiac
abnormalities overall
- freq=
2%
- maternal drugs
- warfarin therapy
- pulmonary
valve
stenosis
- persistent
ductus
arteriosus
- freq=5%
- fetal alcohol syn
- ASD
- VSD
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- freq=25%
- chromosomal abnormality
- Down
syn
(trisomy
21)
- AVSD
- VSD
- freq=30%
- Edward
syn
(trisomy
18)
- complex
- freq=60-80%
- Patau
syn
(trisomy
13)
- complex
- freq=70%
- Turner syn (45XO)
- aortic valve stenosis
- coarctation of aorta
- freq=15%
- DiGeorge syn
(chromosome
22q11.2 deletion)
- aortic arch anomalies
- tetralogy of Fallot
- common arterial trunk
- freq=80%
- Williams syn (
chromosome
7q11.23
microdeletion)
- supraventricular
aortic stenosis
- peripheral
pulmonary artery
stenosis
- freq=85%
- Noonan syndrome (PTPN11 mutation)
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- ASD
- pulmonary valve stenosis
- freq=50%