ROSTOW'S MODERNISATION THEORY 1960's

Basic Background
1. American economist
2. Five stages of development
3. Countries further through the stages have an advantage over countries further behind
4. He thought capitalism was the only effective way to get through all the stages
STAGE 1 - TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
1. Subsistence economy (mainly farming), limited technology/capital, cannot process raw materials/develop industries and services
STAGE 2 - PRECONDITIONS FOR TAKE OFF
1. External help, extractive industries develop, agriculture commercialized, tech. and infrast. improvements, transp. encourages trade
  1. UK 1750. USA 1800. Japan 1880. India 1950. Ethiopia not yet reached this stage.
STAGE 3 - TAKE OFF
1. manufacturing grows rapidly, growth limited to certain parts of country, airports roads and railways, political and social adjustments to adapt
  1. UK 1820. USA 1850. JAPAN 1900. INDIA 1980
STAGE 4 - DRIVE TO MATURITY
1. growth spreads - rapid urbanisation, increase in no. and type of industries, earl industries may decline, complex transport systems - tech. improve
  1. UK 1850. USA 1920. JAPAN 1930. india not yet reached this stage
STAGE 5 - HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION
1. tertiary industries and welfare facilities, employment in service indus. grows, manufacturing declines, production of durable consumer goods
  1. USA 1930. UK 1940. JAPAN 1950.
CRITICISMS
1. assumes all countries start off at the same level
2. injection of aid been dwarfed by debt repayments which delayed/prevented some countries reaching take off stage (Africa)
3. model underestimates the extent to which development of some countries was at expense of others eg colonialism and imperialism
4. underestimates the effect of globalisation - the time taken for a country to develop decreases as they learn from others

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ROSTOW'S MODERNISATION THEORY 1960's

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