Additional Chemistry

Beschreibung

GCSE Chemistry Mindmap am Additional Chemistry, erstellt von katiehumphrey am 05/02/2014.
katiehumphrey
Mindmap von katiehumphrey, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
katiehumphrey
Erstellt von katiehumphrey vor mehr als 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Additional Chemistry
  1. atoms
    1. mass number
      1. protons + neutrons
      2. atomic number
        1. number of protons
      3. isotopes
        1. different atomic forms of the same element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons
        2. ionic bonding
          1. give away electrons
            1. positive ion
              1. groups 1 and 2
            2. gain electrons
              1. negative ion
                1. groups 6 and 7
              2. high melting/boiling points
                1. strong attraction between ions
                2. dissolve easily in water
                  1. ions separate
                    1. conduct electricity
                3. covalent bonding
                  1. share electrons to form full outer shell
                    1. dot and cross diagrams
                    2. simple molecular substances
                      1. atoms have very strong covalent bonds
                        1. weak intermolecular forces
                          1. low melting/boiling points
                        2. giant covalent structures
                          1. strong covalent bonds
                            1. high melting/boiling points
                            2. diamond
                              1. graphite
                            3. metallic bonding
                              1. sea of free electrons among metal atoms
                                1. good conducters of heat/electricity
                              2. alloys
                                1. mixture of two or more metals
                                  1. harder
                                  2. nanoparticles
                                    1. really tiny
                                      1. fullerenes
                                        1. molecules of carbon
                                      2. polymers
                                        1. thermosoftening
                                          1. weak intermolecular forces
                                            1. no cross linking chains
                                              1. easy to melt
                                          2. thermosetting
                                            1. strong intermolecular forces
                                              1. crosslinks
                                                1. strong/hard/rigid
                                            2. low density
                                              1. high pressure
                                                1. flexible
                                                  1. plastic bags
                                              2. high density
                                                1. low pressure with catalyst
                                                  1. rigid
                                                    1. water tanks
                                              3. relative formula mass
                                                1. moles
                                                  1. mass of element g / relative formula mass
                                                    1. 42 g of carbon / 12 (RFM) = 3.5 moles
                                                  2. percentage yield
                                                    1. (actual yield / predicted yield) X 100
                                                    2. chromotography
                                                      1. separates artificial colours
                                                        1. filter paper
                                                          1. gas
                                                        2. rates of reaction
                                                          1. temperature
                                                            1. concentration
                                                              1. ctalayst
                                                                1. surface area
                                                                  1. collision theory
                                                                    1. more collisions increase rate of reaction
                                                                      1. higher temperature
                                                                        1. higher concnetration
                                                                          1. larger surface area
                                                                      2. endothermic
                                                                        1. transfers energy to surroundings
                                                                        2. exothermic
                                                                          1. takes energy in from surroundings
                                                                          2. salts
                                                                            1. acid + base <> salt + water
                                                                              1. acid + metal <> salt + hydrogen
                                                                                1. acid + metal oxide <> salt + water
                                                                                  1. acid + metal hydroxide <> salt + water
                                                                                  2. electrolysis
                                                                                    1. splitting up with electricity
                                                                                      1. OILRIG
                                                                                        1. + ions lose electrons and go to - electrode (cathode)
                                                                                          1. - ions gain electrons go to + electrode (anode)
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