Interferons

Interferons

Function
1. Induction of cellular resistance to Viral Attack
2. Regulates most aspects of immune function
3. Growth & Differentiation of many cell types
4. Sustenance of early phases of pregnancy
Classes
1. Alpha
  1. 2 classes- Type1(15) & Type 2(1)
    1. Type 1 =166 amino acids
    2. Type 2= 172 amino acids
  2. Glycolylation: post translational modification carbohydrate linkage
    1. O- Linkage binding only to Serine(S) & Tyrosine(Y)
    2. N- Linkage Binding only to Asparagine(N)
    3. rich in leucine & glutamic acid & display conserved cysteines.These generally form 2 disulfide bonds in mature molecule
2. Beta
3. Gama
Receptors
1. Gama type 2 Receptor
4. Signal Transduction
  1. Cell types that display Gama Receptor Haematopoietic cells(Blood cell types)
  2. Transmembrane glycoproteins(molecular mass 50kDa and appear as homodimer
  3. Extracellular gama binding site consists of 200 amino acids folded into 2 homologous domains
    1. It also requires second transmembrane glycoprotein( accessory factor 1) that interacts with the extracellular region
  4. Jak-Stat
    1. (1)Ligand induces receptor dimerisation
      1. (2)JAK induces reciprocal tyrosine phosphorylation of JAKs associated withthe receptors cytoplasmic tail
        (3)Phosphorylated JAKs phosphorylate tyrosine residues within the receptors cytoplasmic tail used as a docking site for STAT
        (4) This phosphorylation Induces dimerisation of STAT.Dimerised STAT Translocates to the nucleus where it binds to Specific DNA RESPONSE ELEMENTS

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