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Programming
language
- John Mauchly's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever
developed for an electronic computer.
- The first code and compiler was developed in 1952 for the Mark 1 computer at the University of
Manchester and is considered to be the first compiled high-level programming language.
- Another early programming language was devised by Grace Hopper in the US, called FLOW-MATIC,
during the period from 1955 until 1959.
- In 1954, language FORTRAN was invented at IBM by John Backus
- A programming language is a formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to
a machine, particularly a computer.
- Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to
express algorithms.
- In the 1940s, the first recognizably modern electrically powered computers were created.
- An early high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül, developed
by the Germans for Z3 by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and 1945.
- Other languages still in use today, include LISP (1958), invented by John McCarthy and COBOL (1959),
created by the Short Range Committee.
- A new language for algorithms featured three key language innovations: nested block structure;
lexical scoping; a mathematically exact notation.
- The 1980s were years of relative consolidation in imperative languages.
- The 1980s also brought advances in programming language implementation. Aided by processor
speed improvements that enabled increasingly aggressive compilation techniques.
- Some notable languages that were developed in this period include: 1980 – C++ (as C with classes,
renamed in 1983) 1983 – Ada 1984 – Common Lisp 1984 – MATLAB 1985 – Eiffel 1986 – Objective-C
1986 – Erlang 1987 – Perl 1988 – Tcl 1988 – Wolfram Language 1989 – FL (Backus) .
- Some notable languages that were developed in this period include: 1980 – C++ (as C with classes,
renamed in 1983) 1983 – Ada 1984 – Common Lisp 1984 – MATLAB 1985 – Eiffel 1986 – Objective-C
1986 – Erlang 1987 – Perl 1988 – Tcl 1988 – Wolfram Language 1989 – FL (Backus) .
- The rapid growth of the Internet in the mid-1990s was the next major historic event in programming
languages.
- Some notable languages that were developed in this period include: 1990 – Haskell 1991 – Python
1991 – Visual Basic 1993 – Ruby 1993 – Lua 1994 – CLOS (part of ANSI Common Lisp) 1995 – Ada 95
1995 – Java 1995 – Delphi (Object Pascal) 1995 – JavaScript 1995 – PHP 1997 – Rebol 1999 – D
- Some notable languages that were developed in this period include: 1990 – Haskell 1991 – Python
1991 – Visual Basic 1993 – Ruby 1993 – Lua 1994 – CLOS (part of ANSI Common Lisp) 1995 – Ada 95
1995 – Java 1995 – Delphi (Object Pascal) 1995 – JavaScript 1995 – PHP 1997 – Rebol 1999 – D
- Programming language evolution continues, in both industry and research.
- Some notable languages developed during this period include: 2000 – ActionScript 2001 – C# 2003 –
Groovy 2003 – Scala 2005 – F# 2006 – Windows PowerShell 2007 – Clojure 2009 – Go 2011 – Dart 2014 –
Swift 2015 – Rust
- Some notable languages developed during this period include: 2000 – ActionScript 2001 – C# 2003 –
Groovy 2003 – Scala 2005 – F# 2006 – Windows PowerShell 2007 – Clojure 2009 – Go 2011 – Dart 2014 –
Swift 2015 – Rust
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