Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Global Population
Change Case Studies
- The Gambia's Youthful Population
- Causes
- Most people
living in rural
areas
- Families have
economic reasons for
more children as they
can help on the farm
- Male dominated society -
doesn't use or discuss
contraceptives or family
planning. Not much
education on this
- Small country,
not enough
room for the
population
- Effects
- Population has
been kept down
due to deaths and
infant mortality
- However, developing
healthcare, food and
water resources is now
leading to an increasing
population
- Birth rate 40 per
1000, per year. 3 or
4 times the UK
- 11 mothers die
for every 1000
children born
- Life expectancy is 53 for
men, 57 for women
- Infant mortality is
over 50 per 1000
per year
- Population
expected to double
every 28 years
- 92% dependency ratio
- Not enough adults to
provide the services
for all the children
- Male Nurse, 2 wives, 13
children. If each child has 6
surviving children there will
be 27 times the population
after 4 generations
- Conditions
- Government doesn't
have the money to
provide infrastructure for
growing towns e.g. paved
roads
- Few can afford electricity
- Lack of good
sanitation - can be
more than one family
sharing a toilet
- Not much privacy, all in
the same room, no safety
from intruders
- Nutrition problems
with only rice to
eat, due to money
problems
- Trying to get all the
children through
primary school
- School not big
enough, 3000 pupils
only 26 classrooms
- Not enough school resources
- 1 in 10 children
die before 5
- Wood being used as
fuel, at a
unsustainable rate
- Managing the youthful population
- Family planning
awareness and
easy access
- Contraceptives
subsidised by the World
Health Organisation
- Free vaccinations
for every child
- Outside funding to
build clinics
- Teaching mothers to
space births - less
children, allows time
to recover
- Education about forests
and conservation
- Trying to get
everyone into
primary school
- Could lead to
demographic
dividend in the
future - large
educated
working
population
- Policies and actions to avoid the crisis
- WFP (World Food Programme)
- Better Nutrition for kids
- Better education
- High skilled workers, leading
to an economy boost
- Demographic dividend
- Better health
- Less child death
- Less children per family
- Family Planning
- Higher use of contraception
- Less STD's
- Lower Birth Rate
- Better Maternal Health
- Possibility of
working more and
a higher income
- More money per family member
- Lower infant mortality rate
- Healthier children
- Better nutritioned and educated children
- Decrease in children per family
- China - One Child Policy
- Introduced in 1979 ,
restricts couples in urban
areas to only one child
- In rural areas, families are
allowed to have 2 children
if the first is a girl
Anmerkungen:
- Other exceptions include ethnic minorities and couples who both do not have siblings
- Couples who break the rules can
face heavy fines, or possibly
lose their property or their jobs
- It has led to forced
abortions, female
infanticide, and the
under-reporting of
female births
- The traditional preference for boys has also
created gender imbalance as some couples opt
for sex-selective abortions
- In future, families will be allowed 2
children if 1 parent is an only child
- 2015 - Now
becoming 2
child policy
- Effects
- Positive
- Birth rate decreased
- Fertility rate fallen
Anmerkungen:
- Population growth reduced
- People have been saving
more as less money is spent
on children, it gives them
more money to invest
- Need to save money for the future,
can no longer rely on children to
care for parents in old age
- Negative
- Care for girls program, which aims at
eliminating cultural discrimination against
girls, through subsidies and education
- Unbalanced sex ratio
Anmerkungen:
- 1982 - Boys 100:110 girls
1990 - Boys 100:111.7 girls
More females dying in first year after birth than males
- Men finding it difficult
to find a wife
Anmerkungen:
- Imports wives for Chinese men, especially form Burma
- Growing ageing population
Anmerkungen:
- 1989 - 5% over 65
2002 - 7% over 65
2025 - 30% over 65
- Reliance on children to look
after parents, replaced by
social health care,
retirement homes etc.
- Four-Two-One problem - one
child is left to provide for
parents and grandparents
- Children are seen as an
investment for old age as not
every worker is entitled to a
pension
- Parents lavish too much on the
child creating 'little emperors'
- Male children are seen as more desirable
- Multiple births - no penalties for couples who have twins
- Infanticide - Selective abortion of female foetuses
- 70,000 children kidnapped every year
and traded on the black market, girls
cost much less than boys
- East Devon - Ageing Population
- Causes
- Receives retirement
migrants due to pull factors
- The scenery and weather
- Memories and family
- Rural Area
- Elderly people culture
- This fuels the businesses and housing that are catered to
older people, making it even more attractive for retired people
- Fairly affluent people,can afford to move
- Effects
- Increase in proportion
of people over 65 and
some over 50
- Gender imbalance
towards older females
- Push factors
- Cost of housing
- Lack of shops and entertainment
- Low paid jobs
- Causing 18-30 year old's to leave
- High dependency ratio of 85%
Anmerkungen:
- 2nd highest concentration of over 50s in the UK
- Implications
- Significant reduction in earnings
- Less tax and national insurance to collect
Anmerkungen:
- Working people may need to pay more
- Healthcare becomes catered towards elderly
Anmerkungen:
- e.g. GP, hip replacement, social care
- Particular types of housing, transport
- Grey Pound, Grey Vote
- Travel Agencies
- Grandparents provide childcare
- Not enough working
age people to
provide services
- Newham and Richmond-upon-Thames
- Local, not global
- Newham - Inner City
- Less educated
- Higher concentration of population
- More ethnically diverse
- Less affluent
- More unemployment
- More crimes
- Many residents relying on
benefits and are deprived
- Youthful population
- More concentrated housing
- Richmond - Suburban
- Wealthier
- Better Qualifications
- Detached, more expensive housing
- Less children, more elderly
- Higher proportion of White residents
- Higher percentage of employed residents
- NHS under less pressure