Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Food Aid
- What is hunger?
- living on less than 2100
kcals/day (WFP)
- malnutrition
- e.g. Syria refugees
queueing for food
rations (war)
- The hunger situation
today
- 815 million people are
undernourished
- 7 million children die before
reaching the age of 5
- almost half the worlds population
survive on less than US$2/day
- 23% children under 5 have stunted growth (UNICEF, 2014)
- Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region with the highest %
of population of hunger
- 1 in 4 are undernourished (WFP)
- US$3.2 billion is need per year to reach all 66 million hungry school age children
- What causes hunger?
- Poverty trap
- can't afford seed, tools, land,
nutritious food for families
- no food = weaker and less able
to earn $$ to escape poverty +
hunger
- no water, education
- Over exploitation of the environment
- poor family practice, deforestation, over cropping/ grazing
- erosion, salination, deforestation
- irrigation= increase surface water + land may
be flooded= extra water evaporation and a
higher deposit of salt
- high temperature= water evaporate= leave salt deposit
- War
- displacement
- seizing livestock, destroying
crops, wells (contaminate),
market
- Natural disaster
- floods, tropical storms and long
period of drought
- drought is the most common cause of food
shortage. e.g 2006 in Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya
- worlds fertile land is under threat
from erosion, salination
- Unstable markets
- food prices= unstable=
difficult for the poorest
people to access
nutritious food
consistently
- Price spike= temporarily
put food out of reach=
consequence for small
children
- increase price= buy cheaper + less
nutritious food= micronutrients
deficiencies + malnutrition
- Food wastage
- 1/3 of all food (1.3 billion tonnes) is never consumed
- Missed opportunity to improve global food security- 1
in 8 hungry
- Producing food= water + natural resources
+ 3.3 billion tonnes of GHGs
- What is Food Aid?
- Where people are
suffering from
food shortage or
famine the obvious
immediate action
appears to be food
aid
- Food aid must cross at least one
international boarder. Food assistance by
a govern or private agency or local
citizens, DOES NOT count as food aid.
- Food aid must be either free or provided
to recipient at a cost lower than the
commercial price of the food
- Donor= a primary provider of food aid from its
own resources
- Recipient= a country that receives food aid
- World Food Program (WFP)
- part of the United Nations system
and is voluntary funded
- world's largest humanitarian agency
fighting hunger worldwide
- WFP works jointly with FAO, IFAD and NGO
- Food Aid categories
- Energency food aid (76%)
- Programme food aid (4%)
- Project food aid (20%)
- Emergency Food Aid (EFA)
- Consists of primarily in providing
food to feed in the case of:
- acute food insecurity (famine)
- other natural disaster relief
- refugees and displaced person
- provide the more immediate food security needs
- peanut butter based
ready-to-use therapeutic
food (culturally
acceptable)
- Programme Food Aid (PGFA)
- aimed for development with
the intension to achieve
recipient economic growth
- this is supplied in bulk to
government stocks and reserves
- used by government just
as it would use national
production of the same
commodity
- recipient cannot tell
the difference
between programme
food aid and national
commericial purchase
or production
- benefit food reserves on local
market
- in time of shortage
cereals can used to
create national
reserve stock to
limit sudden
demand and high
price
- Project Food Aid (PFA)
- to alleviate
medium
and long
term
hunger
- 50% of those living with
hunger are farmers
- 20% are rural labourers mainly in
agricultures
- 10% live as gathers in forest,
fish, and raise livestock
- only 20% of those living with hunger
live in urban areas
- delivered as part of a specific project related to promoting
agricultural or economic development, nutrition and food security.
E.g. school feeding programs
- Criteria for project food aid from WFP
- NOT every country is eligible for food aid
- determinant factors for food aid eligibility
- A per capita caloric consumption of
less than 2300 kcal
- inability to meet food security
requirement through domestic
production or import due to shortage
of foreign exchange earnings
- Child mortality rate of
children under 5 years
old in excess of
100/1000 births
- targeted certain groups.
e.g. workers in certain
industries, school
- project food aid is
provided in the
following ways:
- targeted aid projects
- project for the development of
economic and physical
infrastructure
- project of a directly productive nature
- land development and improvement from
soil conservation to large irrigation
schemes
- foresting projects (reforestation)
- fishery development
- land settlement
- given food in exchange for work
- can learn new skills that boost
economy or improve food
security
- irrigation
- rations to farmers who
improve soil quality
planting tress
- building new schools
- it targests individuals
most vulnerable to
food insecurity
(mother/children)
- provides food aid directly for
mothers at clinic and hospitals
- academic improvements
- nutritional status of children
- literacy
- Problems of food aid
- dumping food on to poorer nations (i.e free, subsidized, or
cheap food below market price)= undercut local farmers,
who cannot compete and are driven out of jobs & into
poverty
- discouraging local production of food
- causing dependency on food aid
- lowering price of the commodity supplied
- changing food habits away from local
- cash transfer instead
of food
- cash transfer + vouchers more common
- spent locally= benefit local economy give individual choice
- cheaper to distribute
- BUT can the local traders meet the
increased demand without raising
price