Women in Nazi Germany 1933 - 1945

Nazi Ideology
1. To have more children and take responsibility for bringing them up
2. To care for their house and their husbands
3. To stop paid employment except for very specialist jobs such as midwifery
4. Kinder, Kuche, Kirche
5. Woman's place was the home
Policies, changes and incentives 1933-1939
1. Marriage - increase suitable marriages
  1. 1933 - Marriage loan of 600RM to unemployed women when they got married
  2. 1937 - Marriage loan extended to women in work
  3. 1938 - Marriage law made it easier for divorce on the grounds of infertility
2. Births - increase pure German births
  1. Financial incentives
    1. Marriage loans
    2. Birth grants
  2. Mother's Cross
    1. Raise status
    2. Gold
      1. 8+ children
    3. Bronze
      1. 4/5 children
    4. Silver
      1. 6/7 children
  3. Penalties
    1. Higher taxes on childless couples
    2. Tighter penalties on abortion
    3. Restrictions on contraception information
3. Employment - reduce female employment
  1. 1936 - Women in top civil service and medical jobs dismissed
  2. 1933 - Women banned from being judges and lawyers
4. Education
  1. Limited university enrolment to 10%
Policies, changes and incentives 1939-1945
1. Marriage
  1. 1941 - Couples who were cohabiting after their marriage sent to concentration camp
2. Births
  1. Encouragement of births outside of marriage
3. Employment
  1. 1939 - Compulsory agricultural labour service for unmarried women under 25
  2. Women used to help the war effort
    1. Only after 1942
    2. Between 17 and 45
    3. Many exceptions
4. Education
  1. Restrictions dropped
    1. Greater demand for well-educated workers
How successful were the policies? How much did life change? Better/Worse
1. Generally, birth and marriage rates increased during the early part of the 1930's but this then lead to a slight decline during the war years.
2. Why did women go back to work in Nazi Germany during the late 1930's and 1940's?
  1. More men were going away to war. Factories needed more workers to keep up with demand
3. How did the Nazis encourage women back to work?
  1. Introduced a labour duty year for unmarried women
  2. Abolished the marriage loan
4. How did this impact the Nazi message that women should have lots of children?
  1. The Nazi message didn't change
    1. They expected women to work and still have children
5. The Nazi policy towards women was incoherent and contradictory

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Women in Nazi Germany 1933 - 1945

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