Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Health
Anmerkungen:
- Purple= headings
Green= sub headings
Orange= Listing headings
Outlined Pink=Additional informationBlue= definitionsGreen outline- examples
- A state of
complete physical,
social and mental
well-being and not
merely the
absence of disease
or infirmity (WHO,
1946)
- Determinants of
health
- The Social (Economic) Determinants of Health
- Refers to the social and environmental conditions in which
people live and grow- they can influence health
- The social Gradient of
Health
- Exists across society and involves the relationship between a populations health status and the populations social status.
- Those with a poorer social status such as having no access to education and work will be more
likely to have shorter life expectancies and have a higher risk of developing serious illnesses.
- Stress
- Can be caused by a number of factors- work, study, relationships etc. Ongoing stress can impact
health by causing anxiety, low self-esteem, insecurity, lack of control and social isolation.
- Early Life
- A supportive and healthy early experience can increases better health outcomes. Early education and foetal
care influence health later in life
- Work
- Having a job is better than having no
job, although having control over ones
work leads to better health.
Unemployment puts health at risk as it
can lead to inability to purchase basic
neccessities
- Transport
- Transportation can influence heath by the amount of exercise one gets- cycling or walking can also decrease air pollution and
increase social interaction. Remote areas have limited access to close health services such as hospitals and food stores
- Food
- Food insecurity is a leading cause for malnutrition and poor health- A good diet and access to food is central to good health
however over eating can lead to overweight/obesity which is linked with a number of health problems and premature death.
- Addiction
- Contributes to worse health outcomes- smoking, alcohol, illicit drug addictions- increases risk
of chronic illness. Drug use is associated with social and economic disadvantages.
- Social Exclusion
- Poverty, deprivation and social exclusion have a major impact on health
- Social Support
- Social support is important for good health- social interaction provides people with the emotional and physical
support they- good social groups encourages healthy behaviour patterns.
- SDOH For Indigenous Australians
- Education and literaacy
- Stress
- Early life, healthy child development
- Unemployment, working conditions
- Social support
- Social exclusion
- Gender
- Discrimination
- Addiction
- Food insecurity
- The range of
behavioural,
biological,
socio-economic
and environmental
factors that
influence the
health status of an
individual and
population. (WHO,
1998)
- Biological Determinants of Health
- Genetics
- Single-gene
- E.g. Cystic fibrosis
- Chromosomal
- E.g.Down syndrome
- Multifactorial
- Biological Approach to Health-
Almost all diseases have a
genetic component however has
multiple determinants/factors
that interact with genes
- Mitochondrial
DNA-linked
- Body Structure
- Height
- Waist-hip ratio
- weight
- Bone density
- Body Functioning
- Blood pressure
- Nutritional status
- Biochemical status
- Sensory function
- Fitness
- Movement and balance
- Strength and function
- Physiological, somatic (body),
cellular, molecular, organic
and genetic affects or
characteristics of the body
that directly and measurably
influence health.
- Non-modifiable- genetically inherited
diseases but experience and access to
treatment is related to the DoH
- Modifiable- Course of a disease with a
genetic profile can be altered through
environmental changes
- Physical (environmental) Determinants of Health
- Water Quality
- Air Quality
- Pollution
- Climate and geography
- Climate change is associated with heat-waves,
extreme weather and precipitation which can lead
to temperature and extreme weather related
deaths, air-pollution and nutritional health effects, and
water, food and vector-borne diseases.
- Built environment
- Poor Housing
- lack of local shops supporting localisation
- Food safety
- Land and soil quality
- Behavioural Determinants of Health
- Behavioural DOH For Indigenous Australians
- Tobacco
- High body mass
- physical inactivity
- illicit drugs
- alcohol
- High BP and cholesterol
- Partner violence and
child sexual abuse
- Low fruit and
vege intake
- Health Inequalities
- Health equality aims to give all people the same things in order to enjoy a healthy life.
- Health inequality is preventable and measurable. It is the unjust differences in health status
experienced by different populations
- Health Inequities
- Inequalities in health which are deemed to be unfair
or stemming from some form of injustice. Inequities
arise from a populations conditions and resources.
- Health equity are the rights of people to have equitable
access to resources and services that give them the basic
needs to be able to live well. It aims to understand and
provide people with what they need in order to enjoy a
healthy life
- Health (care) System
- System which
involves all the
activities whose
primary purpose
is to promote,
restore or
maintain health.
- Primary Health Care
- Community-based, entry level
- E.g. Midwifery
services, nurses,
dentists,
pharmacists,
- Secondary Health Care
- More serious, usually referred, requires more
specialists skills/tools
- E.g. Hospitals or
specialists such as
psychiatrist, orthaepedics
- Tertiary Health Care
- Specialist services, highly
advanced facilities, fewer
in number
- E.g. Larger Hospitals and
highly specialised
professionals and treatment
such as cancer treatment,
cardiac surgery, neurosurgery
- Health System Blocks
- Health System Blocks A
- Service Delivery
- Access to Essential Medicines
- Health Workforce
- Information Workforce
- Financing
- Governance
- Health System Blocks B
- Access
- Coverage
- Quality
- Safety
- Health System Blocks C-(aim)
- Better Health
- Responsive
- Social and financial risk protection
- Improved Efficiency
- Health Promotion
- Health promotion its the process of
enabling people to increase control over
their health and its determinants, and
thereby improve their health
(WHO,2005)
- Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion
(WHO, 1986)
- 8 Key Determinants (Prerequisites)
- Peace
- Shekter
- Education
- Food
- Income
- Stable Eco-system
- Sustainable Resources
- Social Justice & equity
- Strategies to
Promote Health
- Enable
- Working with
communities and
individuals to take
control over their health
and environment
through education and
empowerment
- Advocate
- Efforts by the individuals or
groups to gain political
commitment and social
acceptance in order to change
laws, policy that impact
populations health
- Mediate
- To work between conflicting
interests in society to change
external factors that
influence health and
wellbeing
- Build
capacity
- Is a set of processes
(or strategies) that
build
infrastructure,
program
sustainability and
problem solving
- Health Promotion strategies work through settings
which are physical locations which health promotion
may be undertaken. E.g. schools, workplace or cities etc.
- Actions (BCSDR- bad
cats smell dead rats)
- Build Healthy Public Policy
- Create supportive environments
- Strengthen community Action
- Develop personal Skills
- Re-orient Health Services
- Health Promotion Theories
- Empowerment
theory
- Inclusion & developing skills so people
have better control of their health
- Socio-ecological theory
- recognises environments
are influenced by multiple
factors- different actions
are needed
- PLace-based Theory
- Core concepts include integrated
planning, partnerships, targeting
struggling communities
- Systems Thinking
- Focuses on the big
picture- what is
occurring within the
systems and do the
subsystems affect
eachother
- Marginalised Populations
- Marginality
- Occurs when particular population groups are affected
by multiple types of disadvantage
- Intersectionality
- Helps us understand how people or groups experience
aspects of marginalisation. Focuses on intersections
between socially constructed identities, power and
privialage/oppression
- Stigma
- Stigma is a label people get which is associated with
characteristics and associated with a negative association
- Social Inclusion & exclusion