Neurology

Neurology

Forebrain
1. Neoplasia
  1. Primary
    1. Glioma
    2. meningioma
  2. Secondary to mets
  3. treatment
    1. Sx- for primary cases
    2. Steroids- relieve inflammation
2. Hydrocephalus
  1. New born
  2. Non progressive
  3. rule out infectious then sit on it
3. FIP/FeLV/Toxoplasma
  1. Young animal
4. GME/SRMA
  1. Diagnosis
    1. MRI!?
    2. CSF tap
    3. Pure terrier breed
    4. Young
  2. Treatment
    1. Tapering does of steroids
      1. Base reduction of use on acute phase proteins
5. trauma
  1. Often accompanied by other signs
  2. First aid
    1. Manatol (osmotic diuretic)
    2. Dexamethasone
    3. Keep the neck in a nutralposition
    4. No hypertonic fluids
6. Signs
  1. Seizures
  2. Altered behaviour
  3. Decreased consciousness
  4. Blindness contralateral
  5. Ipsilateral head turn
  6. Ipsilateral circling
  7. Contralateral sensory deficis
7. Confirmation of forebrain disease
  1. PLR vs Meace RESPONSE!
    1. CN 2
    2. Intra vs extra cranial
  2. Head tilt vs head turn
    1. Forebrain vs vestibular
Brain stem
1. Cranial nerve 5
  1. Dropped jaw
    1. idiopathic trigeminal neuritis
      1. Resolves sponaneously on supporting jaw
    2. Lymphoma
      1. Rare!
  2. Nerve root tumor
  3. Signs
    1. Loss of facial sensation
    2. Masticator muscle atrophy
  4. Vs masticatory mostitis
    1. Clammed jaw
    2. Biopsy temporal muscle
2. Cranial nerve 7
  1. Poly neuropathies
  2. Idiopathic
    1. Routine work up of exclusion
      1. Routein blood work
      2. Thyroid test for dogs
      3. Neurological exam
      4. Schmir tear test
        Usually normal
      5. Examine ear canal
    2. Tx
      1. keep lips clean
      2. Random schimir tear tests
  3. Cerebro pontine angle tumor
  4. Oitis interna and media
  5. Signs
    1. Dry eye
      1. Pilocarpine supplimentation in food?
    2. Facial drooping
    3. Paralysis of the face
3. Cranial nerve 8
  1. Thiamine deficiency
    1. History of anorexia
    2. Reduced apatite
    3. Rapidly progressive vestibular signs
    4. Loss of oculocephalic reflex
    5. Responds to thiamine supplimentaion
  2. Otitis media and interna
    1. Tx
      1. Long an high does AB's
      2. External ear tx
      3. Surgery?
  3. Cerebro pontine angle
  4. Idiopathic
  5. Signs
    1. Head tilt
    2. Ataxia
    3. Strabismus
    4. Falling to the affected side
    5. V+
    6. Nystagmus
  6. Metronidazole toxicity
    1. Acute onset
    2. Central vestibular signs
    3. Stops 3-4 days post metronidazole being stopped
4. Cranial nerves 9 and 10
  1. Polyneuropathies
5. Signs
  1. Decreased Proprioception
  2. CN signs
  3. Decreased mentation
  4. Death
6. CN 3,4 and 6
  1. PLR
  2. Strabismus
  3. Abnormal eye movemet
cerebellum
1. Signs
  1. Ataxia
  2. Inteion tremors
  3. Hypermetria
2. Cerbella hypoplasia
  1. young animals
  2. Static condition
  3. Diagnosis
    1. Wait and see if it progresses
    2. MRI?
3. Inherited disorders of metabolism
4. Inflammatory diseases
  1. Idiopathic cerebellitis
    1. Young
    2. Small terriers
    3. Acute onset
    4. Confomation on response to treatment
      1. DIazepam and steroids, should improve day 7-10
  2. GME
5. Infectious isease
  1. FIP
    1. Young animals
6. Neoplasia
7. Vascular
Symetrical fore brain
1. Causes
  1. Toxic
  2. Metabolic
  3. Hepatopathies/porto systemic shunts
  4. Electrolite distrubances
  5. Hypoglycemia
  6. Hypo/hyperthyoidsism
  7. Cushings
    1. Of pituitary origin

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