Zusammenfassung der Ressource
PBL Session 1: Daniel Escobar- Learning
Issues
- Heart Anatomy & Physiology
- Diastolic
- the lower of the two numbers,
measures the pressure in the
arteries between heartbeats (when
the heart muscle is resting
between beats and refilling with
blood)
- the part of the
cardiac cycle when
the heart refills
with blood
following systole
- S2 Dub
- beginning of ventricular
diastole; semilunar valves
close
- the left ventricle empties, its
pressure falls below the
pressure in the aorta. Aortic
blood flow quickly reverses
back toward the left
ventricle, catching the
pocket-like cusps of the
aortic valve, and is stopped
by aortic valve closure;
Same with pulmonary
- Systolic
- part of the
cardiac
cycle
when the
ventricles
contract
- The top number, which is also the
higher of the two numbers,
measures the pressure in the
arteries when the heart beats (when
the heart muscle contracts).
- S1 Lub
- Beginning of Systole;
atrioventricularvalves
close
- QRS Complex
- P Wave; atrial depolarization
- QRS Wave; complex indicates
ventricular depolarization
which triggers contraction of
the ventricles
- T Wave; repolarization of the ventricles
- Murmurs
- extra or unusual sound
during heartbeat
- Causes (Click on Notes)
- congenital heart defects
Anmerkungen:
- Congenital heart defects can involve the interior walls of the heart,
the valves inside the heart, or the arteries and veins that carry blood
to and from the heart. Some babies are born with more than one heart
defect.
Heart valve problems, septal defects (also called holes in the heart),
and diseases of the heart muscle such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
are common heart defects that cause abnormal heart murmurs. A hole in the septum between the heart's two upper chambers is called
an atrial septal defect. A hole in the septum between the heart's two
lower chambers is called a ventricular septal defect.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
(HCM) occurs if heart muscle cells enlarge and cause the walls of the
ventricles (usually the left ventricle) to thicken. The thickening may
block blood flow out of the ventricle. If a blockage occurs, the
ventricle must work hard to pump blood to the body. HCM also can affect
the heart’s mitral valve, causing blood to leak backward through the
valve.
- acquired heart valve disease
Anmerkungen:
- Acquired heart valve disease often is the cause of abnormal heart
murmurs in adults. This is heart valve disease that develops as the
result of another condition.
Many conditions can cause heart valve disease. Examples include heart
conditions and other disorders, age-related changes, rheumatic fever, and infections
- Symptoms (Click on Note)
Anmerkungen:
- Poor eating and failure to grow normally (in infants)Shortness of breath, which may occur only with physical exertionExcessive sweating with minimal or no exertionChest painDizziness or faintingA bluish color on the skin, especially on the fingertips and lipsChronic coughSwelling or sudden weight gainEnlarged liverEnlarged neck veins
- Tests (Click on Note)
Anmerkungen:
- Echocardiography (Echo)
EKG
Chest XRay
- Treatment
- NEED TO FINISH TREATMENT & TESTS (WHAT TO LOOK FOR)
- Vitals for 13 year old male
- ~100lbs
- 61.5 in
- Systolic 85-120 Diastolic 55-80
- 60-100 BPM
- 12-16