(4) "The civilised society" - Education and culture

Roy Jenkins as Home Secretary
1. Roy Jenkins (Home Secretary) encouragement of what he termed "the civilised society" that made an impact on ordinary people in Britian and certainly excited more dabate.
2. There was a dramatic "freeing up" of society as the state eased regulation of whole areas of Human behaviour and softened punishiment
3. Almost all of the changes come about as a result of private members bills, but as Roy Jenkins made clear none would have made it onto the statute book without government approval and help
Punishment Reforms
1. Capital Punishment 1965
  1. In 1965, silverman finally got a Bill that suspened capital punishment for five years passed and in 1969, it was completely abolished
2. Criminal Justice Bill 1967
  1. The Criminal Justice Bill in 1967, which ended the birching of young offenders. It also introduced the concept of a suspended sentence and extened early parole for certain prisoners. The bill also sought to increase certainty of conviction by allowing majority vercicts in jury cases.
Social Reforms
1. Sexual Offences Bill 1967
  1. Leo Abse, a Welsh Labour MP, was responsible for the Bill. There was growing pressure from the great and the good to legalise homosexuality between consenting adults. Across much of the country there was a slow but growing toleration of homosexuality
    1. Many had noted how the law as it stood encouraged blackmail and that the spy, John Vassall, would probably not have betrayed his country had it not been possiable for the Russians to blackmail him for his sexual taste.
2. The medically Termination of pregnancy (or Abortion) Bill 1967
  1. The illegality of abortion makes estimates of its extent difficult, but 100,000 per year in the UK in the 1950's appear likely. This added up to considerable medical risk as well as social stigma and humiliation for many girls and woman
  2. David steel's bill not only legalised abortion on the grounds of physical harm to the mother, but also allowed her mental health to be taken into account
3. The Family planning act 1967
  1. It sought to cut the number of unwanted pregnancies by removing the restrictions of medical or matital status on woman's access to local authority birth control services
4. Divorce Reform Act 1969
  1. This act made divorce much easier. To its supporters, it helped to end years of private suffering and domestic unhappiness; to its critics it encouraged the break-up of the family
5. Theatre Act 1968
  1. This was the Abolishment of theatre censorship, which was conducted by the Lord Chamberlins office
Race relations Reforms
1. Race Relation acts of 1966 and 1968, established and then extended the powers of the Race Relations Board, which was designed to investigate complaints against unfair discrimination
Education and Culture
1. Tony Crosland Education Secretary, he took up Labour party 1964 commitment to further comprehensive education with enthusiam
  1. Tony Crosland was a product of Winchester Collage (private school) and Oxford
2. He famouly declared war on the grammar schools of England and Wales, despite the fact that it advances social mobility
  1. Unable to fulfil his pledgy entriely, but he speed up the process
    1. The famous Education Department directive 10/65, tying money for new schools buildings to local authorities adopting plans to implement comprehensive schools
    2. By 1970 129 out of the 163 English and Welsh local education authorities have agreed plans for reorganising their secondary schools
3. Crosland had also expressed discontent with the attitudes of big business and private sector back in 1956, with respect to education
  1. Apart from setting up the Newsom Commission to consider the problem, nothing was done
4. Crosland enthusiastically promoted higher education. There was a massive expansion of polytechnics, brought about in 1967 and design to close the technology gap between Britain and her competitors
5. Culture
  1. Jennie Lee, was appointed Minister for the Arts
  2. She oversaw a considerable expansion in funding for arts and the grants to Art Coucil virtually tripled, adding considerably to the artistic diversity and excellence of the country
    1. Not only a good in itself, it promoted tourism and helped to make Britain a world centre of artistic merit
  3. Perhaps even more important was her campaign to launch the Open University; a campaign vigorously backed by Wilson

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(4) "The civilised society" - Education and culture

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