CONNECTED SPEECH

Anmerkungen:

• IT is spoken language that's used in a continuous sequence, as in normal conversations, also called Connected discourse 

1. Stress Patterns

   Anmerkungen:

   • There are words with "full" forms, and "weak" forms, because English is a stressed timed language. And when we try to make the intervals between the stressed syllables equal, to give the phrase rhythm, we tend to take non-essential words.
2. ASPECTS

   Anmerkungen:

   • Speech is a continuous stream of sounds, with no clear borders between them, so the aspects may help to explain why the Written English is different from the Spoken one.
   1. Intrusion and Linking

      Anmerkungen:

      • When two vowel sounds meet, we tend to insert an extra sound,/j/, /w/, or /j/,   to mark the transition sound between the two vowels. 
      • Word boundaries involving a consonant and a vowel are also linked, as we tend to drag final consonants to initial vowels or vice versa.
   2. Elision

      Anmerkungen:

      • It is the omission of a sound, a phoneme, in speech. It is common in casual conversation. Can be an unstressed vowel, consonant or syllable. 
3. Processes (CSP)

   Anmerkungen:

   • Allophone:                       is an audibly distinct variant of a phoneme, such as the different pronunciation of the 't' sound in 'tar' and 'star'.                   
4. Consist of:
   1. Linking sounds
   2. Disappearing sounds
   3. Changing sounds
   4. Weak sounds