619365
Beschreibung
Mindmap von jadeharmar, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
|
Erstellt von jadeharmar
vor mehr als 10 Jahre
|
|
research methods
- questionnaires
- quantative data
- numerical data
e.g a
measurement
- numerical data
e.g a
measurement
- qualatitive data
- written data or
descriptive data
can be in pictures
- written data or
descriptive data
can be in pictures
- self report
- a ppt. reports on their
own experiences
- a ppt. reports on their
own experiences
- questions
- closed questions
- questions which
you have to
choose from a
set of answers
normally yes/no
ect.
- questions which
you have to
choose from a
set of answers
normally yes/no
ect.
- open questions
- questions in which you are
free to write what you like
- questions in which you are
free to write what you like
- closed questions
- weaknesses
- people may lie or
exaggerate to make
themselves look better
- people may misunderstand or
not understand the question
- people may lie or
exaggerate to make
themselves look better
- quantative data
- ethical issues
- informed
consent
- ppt.
knows
they are
taking
part in a
study and
they
know
what will
happen
to them
- children under 16
cannot consent
- children under 16
cannot consent
- ppt.
knows
they are
taking
part in a
study and
they
know
what will
happen
to them
- right to withdraw
- ppt. can leave the study
at any time even if not is
not finished
- they should never be
pressured to continue
- they should never be
pressured to continue
- ppt. can leave the study
at any time even if not is
not finished
- confidentiality
- researcher must always
keep ppt. personal
information and results
confidential
- researcher must always
keep ppt. personal
information and results
confidential
- protection of paricipents
- protects ppt. from physical
and psychological harm
- ppt. should not be decieved
- ppt. should not be
distressed
- ppt. should leave in the
same state they came
- ppt. should not be
embarrassed or
uncomfortable
- ppt. should not be decieved
- protects ppt. from physical
and psychological harm
- deception
- do not lie to ppt. you
tell them everything
that will happen to
them
- tell them everything
in the debreif
- tell them everything
in the debreif
- do not lie to ppt. you
tell them everything
that will happen to
them
- informed
consent
- hypothesis
- a prediction of what will happen
- Null hypothesis (H0)
- predicts no difference
- e.g. there will be no
difference in the stress
levels of people working
in noisy conditions
compared to those
working in quiet
conditions
- e.g. there will be no
difference in the stress
levels of people working
in noisy conditions
compared to those
working in quiet
conditions
- predicts no difference
- alternate hypothesis (H1)
- predicts a difference
- e.g. there will
be a difference
in the stress
levels of people
who work in
noisy
conditions to
those who work
in quiet.
- or there will be a
higher level of
stress in people
who work in noisy
conditions than
those who work in
quiet
- or there will be a
higher level of
stress in people
who work in noisy
conditions than
those who work in
quiet
- e.g. there will
be a difference
in the stress
levels of people
who work in
noisy
conditions to
those who work
in quiet.
- predicts a difference
- Null hypothesis (H0)
- a prediction of what will happen
- variables
- independant
- something that can be
changed or
manipulated
- something that can be
changed or
manipulated
- dependant
- something that can be
measured
- something that can be
measured
- extraneous (control)
- something which you
keep the same
- can effect results if it is not controlled
- this is then called a
extraneous variable
- participant variable
- differences between ppt.
in two groups
- differences between ppt.
in two groups
- situational variable
- parts of the environment
that may affect the
results
- parts of the environment
that may affect the
results
- participant variable
- this is then called a
extraneous variable
- can effect results if it is not controlled
- something which you
keep the same
- standardisation
- every trial is run in
the same way
- standardised procedure
- each ppt. is treated in the same way
- each ppt. is treated in the same way
- standardised procedure
- each ppt. is given the
same instructions
- each ppt. is given the
same instructions
- standardised procedure
- every trial is run in
the same way
- independant
- sampling techniques
- target population
- people you are
interested in
looking at
- sample
- group from the target pop.
- random sample
- put all posibilities
together and pick out
a certain number of
them
- + not as bias
+more
representative
+more generalisable
- -pick everything
that is similar, not
always
representative
-takes alot of time
- + not as bias
+more
representative
+more generalisable
- put all posibilities
together and pick out
a certain number of
them
- opportunity sample
- you use what is avalible to you
- +quick and easy
- -bias, dont get
generalisable results
- +quick and easy
- you use what is avalible to you
- group from the target pop.
- people you are
interested in
looking at
- target population
- experiments
- the way a researcher finds out information
- variables must be included
- variables must be included
- field experiment
- an experiment which is
carried out in a
controlled setting
- STRENGTHS: researcher has a higher
control of extraneous variables, it is
more ethical because the ppt will
generally know they are taking part in a
experiment so will know all details
- WEAKNESSES: it is
less ecologically valid
as it is in a fake
environment, ppt may
act differently, more
chance of demand
charecteristics
because ppt might
find out aim and act
differently
- STRENGTHS: researcher has a higher
control of extraneous variables, it is
more ethical because the ppt will
generally know they are taking part in a
experiment so will know all details
- an experiment which is
carried out in a
controlled setting
- labatory experiment
- an experiment which is
carried out in a natural
environment
- STRENGTHS:
higher ecological
validity as it is in
a natural setting
so ppt will act
more naturally
- WEAKNESSES: less ethical because
ppt. do not always know they are
taking part so they do not know they
can withdraw ect.
- STRENGTHS:
higher ecological
validity as it is in
a natural setting
so ppt will act
more naturally
- an experiment which is
carried out in a natural
environment
- the way a researcher finds out information
- interviews
- face to face
meeting
researchers use
to get
information
- structured interview
- pre set questions to ask, interview
does not generally move off
subject
- pre set questions to ask, interview
does not generally move off
subject
- unstructured interview
- no set questions to follow
conversation leads from answers
given
- no set questions to follow
conversation leads from answers
given
- people are less likely to lie
- people may not include everything, may be embaressed
- face to face
meeting
researchers use
to get
information
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