Blood

Blood

Plasma
1. 90% water
2. 10% complex of various dissolved substances
  1. soluble proteins
    1. fibrinogen & prothrombin
      1. important for the clotting of blood
    2. antibodies
      1. help fight diseases
  2. dissolved mineral salts
    1. occur as ions in plasma
    2. calcum
    3. sodium
    4. potassium
  3. food substances
    1. glucose
    2. amino acids
    3. fats
    4. vitamins
  4. excretory products
    1. urea
    2. uric acid
    3. creatinine
    4. carbon dioxide
  5. hormones
    1. insulin
  6. amount of soluble proteins, mineral salts & glucose are kept relatively constant
3. transports various substances & blood cells around the body
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
1. contains haemoglobin (pigment)
  1. combines reversibly with oxygen
    1. enables RBC to transport oxygen from lungs to all cells in body
2. circular, flattened biconcave disc
  1. increase surface to volume ratio
    1. absorb & release oxygen at a faster rate
3. does not contain nucleus
4. made in bone marrow
5. made from iron, folic acid & vitamin B12
6. lifespan about 3-4 months
7. destroyed in spleen
  1. haemoglobin released from destroyed RBC is brought to liver & broken down
White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)
1. can squeeze through capillary walls into spaces among tissue by changing shape
2. helps keep body healthy by fighting diseases
3. Lymphocytes
  1. produce antibodies to protect the body from disease-causing microorganisms
  2. produced by lymph glands
  3. matures in lymph nodes
4. Phagocytes
  1. engulf, ingest & digest foreign particles such as bacteria
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
1. not true cells
2. membrane-bound fragments of cytoplasm from certain bone marrow cells
3. lifespan of about 4 days
fluid tissue
1. 55% plasma
2. 45% blood cells & platelets

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