Core Biology (AQA)

Cause of Dieases
1. Infectious Dieases
  1. Caused by Pathogens (Bacteria, Fungi, Virus, Protozoa)
  2. Can be transferred from person to person
    1. Contact
    2. Spreading (e.g Sneezing)
    3. Food and Water
  3. Examples
    1. Flu
    2. Wooping Cough
    3. Measles
    4. HIV/Aids
2. Non-infectious Dieases
  1. Can not be transferred
  2. Can be caused by
    1. Genetic Disorders
      1. Cancer
      2. Tumors
    2. Man-made/Enviromental via
      1. Diet
      2. Surroundings
Fighting Infections
1. Ignaz Semmelweis
  1. Research
    1. Looking Into Deaths in Hospitals
    2. Nurses and Doctors didn't wash hands
  2. What he did?
    1. Germ Theory
      1. Developed by Lister and Pasteur
    2. Antiseptics
2. Antibiotics
  1. Developed to kill pathogens
  2. Powerful Medicens
  3. Positives
    1. Quick Treatment for illness
    2. Multiple antibiotics for multiple illness
  4. Negatives
    1. Creates resistant pathogens
    2. Can't kill of viruses
    3. Prevents development of Immune System
  5. Superbugs (Resistant bacteria)
    1. Resistant to Antibiotics
    2. Can be caused by overuse of antibiotics
    3. How does it occur
      1. Natural Occurrence of Resistants
      2. Evolution after taking antibiotics
    4. How to Prevent
      1. Finish taking all antibiotics
      2. Don't take antibiotics for minor illnesses
3. Research against Micro-Organisms
  1. Safety
    1. Sterilization
    2. Incubation
  2. Keywords
    1. Agar Jelly
    2. Antibiotics
    3. Antifungal
    4. Antiseptic
Diet and Exercise
1. Vitamins and Minerals
  1. Vitamin C
  2. Vitamin D
  3. Vitamin B
  4. Calcium
  5. Iron
2. What humans need in diet
  1. Minerals
  2. Vitamins
  3. Fibre
  4. Water
  5. Carbohydrates
  6. Fats
  7. Protiens
3. Deficiency
  1. Lack of energy causes malnourishment
    1. Too Fat
    2. Too Thin
  2. Symptoms
    1. Drowsiness
    2. Fainting
    3. Physical wear on body
4. Metabolic Rate
  1. Chemical Reactions in body = Metabolism
    1. Rate at which chemical reactions take place = metabolic rate
  2. Factors
    1. Taller = Higher Rate
    2. Natural Inheritance
    3. Overweight = Higher Rate
Immunity and Immunisation
1. Barriers
  1. Skin
  2. Tears
  3. Blood Clotting
  4. Stomach Acid
  5. Mucus
2. White Blood Cells
  1. Phagocytes - Ingest
  2. Lymphocytes - Produce antbodies/antitoxins
    1. Antibodies
      1. Each Pathogens has antigens
      2. Made of proteins
      3. Created by Immune System
3. Immunisation
  1. Vaccinations
    1. Add dead/inactive pathogen
      1. Immune System works against the vaccination
        Now Protected against real/live

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Core Biology (AQA)

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