Pharmacology (administration)

effects exerts by the body on drug 1-absorption 2-distribution 3-metabolism 4-elimination
1. absorption occur from 1-skin 2-mucosal m 3-peritoneal cavity 4-alveoli 5-biological fluids
enteral:-any route deliver drugs into GIT (oral,buccal,rectal)
1. oral:-most common not suitable :- -*comatose p -*emergency (slow inset ) -*drugs -destroyed by gastric acidity -*GIT disturbance (diarrhea constipation )
2. sublingual:- under the tongue -avoid M of D with 1-food 2-gastric j May impede absorption
  1. alert :-1- al=allow D to diffuse into capillary enter the system c(rapid abs) 2-e=excess from mouth 3- r=rapid onset 4-the=drug bypass 1st pass effect
3. rectal:- (baths) -b=bypass the first pass 50% -A=avoid -th=the rectal R useful if drugs induce vomiting -S =for babies comatosed emesis -
4. first pass effect: drugs absorb in GIT but encounter in liver before distribut into general circulation
parenteral:- U.S.A -U =use for drug poor absorbed as penceillin -S=for unconscious p and emergency -A=agent unstable in Gi tract e.g. insulin
1. (intravascular) U pab -U=use for not absorbed orally as penceillin -p=permit a rapid onset و maximal degree of control over the circulating levels of drug -a=agent unstable inGI like insulin-b=bypass by liver -100%D reach circulation
  1. disadvantages : -bacterial contamination at the site (sterile -pyrogen) -D must be aqueous solution
2. intramuscular:- AALEإلى -A=aqueous S -A=absorption of D in aqueous fast و depot is slow -LV injected -exercise increase absorption of D
3. subcutaneous :- -D.absorption very slow cuz bs to T is poor "insulin" -absorption is less than Ivو IM due low vascularity -*epinephrine with local anaesthesia as vasoconstrictor to minimize systematic toxicity
others :- 1-intrathecal: injection to get D directly. into C.N.S to avoid blood b.b 2-inta articular:made into articular j to obtain high concentration as anti inflammatory in treatment joint corticosteroid 3-local app:ointment ,lotions, plasters,drops 4-intranasal:-drops sprays as decompressing in Di وcalcitonin for osteoporosis 5-inhalation :drug as gas or volatile liquid absorb from h.S.a with minimal .Systematic .effect as bronchodilators anesthetics 6-transdermal :achieve systematic e to skin via transdermal patch used for sustained d of d as antianginal , nitroglycerin

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Pharmacology (administration)

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	Erstellt von Rania Kamel vor etwa 8 Jahre