Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Pleura
- Layers
- Visceral
- inner layer which covers the lung & lines its fissures
- Pariatal
- lines thoracic wall from inside & lines chest wall
& covers the mediastinum.
- The visceral and parietal pleurae are continuous together around
the root of the lung.
- Pulmonary Ligament
- The pleura extends downwards as a fold below the root called the pulmonary ligament.
- Functions : Provides DEAD SPACE
into which the :
- Lung root descends with descent of the diaphragm.
- Pulmonary veins can expand (exercise).
- Pleural Cavity
- The closed cavity
between the visceral and
parietal pleurae
- contains a thin film of fluid (PLEURAL
FLUID) and encloses the lung.
- Lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows
the layers of pleura to slide smoothly over
each other during respiration
- Inflammation of the pleura makes
the pleural surfaces rough. The
resulting friction (pleural rub) is
detectable with a stethoscope.
- Visceral Pleura
- Absent in :
- Hilum of the Lung
- Between the 2 layers of
pulmonary ligament
- Pariatal
- Costal Pleura
- Lining the :
- Sternum
- Ribs
- Costal Cartilages
- Intercostal spaces
- Sides of vertebral column
- Diaphragmatic pleura
- Cervical Pleura
- covers the apex of
the lung.
- It is attached above by the
suprapleural membrane
- Mediastinal Pleura
- which covers the sides of the mediastinum.
- Relations: as mediastinal surface of the lungs.
- Pleural Recesses
- They are narrow extensions of the pleural cavity.
- Allows the lungs to expand during deep inspiration.
- Sites
- Costodiaphragmatic
recess {Costophrenic
angle}
- lies between the costal & diaphragmatic pleura
along the INFERIOR MARGIN of the pleura
- Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity , the fluid tends to gravitate
towards the recesses >> obliterates the costophrenic angle will cause an
opacity which obliterates the angle. Pleural Effusion { HYDROTHORAX }
- In thoracocentesis, inserting the needle into the 9th intercostal space in the
mid-axillary line during expiration will avoid the inferior border of the lung.
- Costomediastinal
recess
- lies between the costal and mediastinal pleura
along the anterior margin of the pleura
- Overlies the heart.
- Lies at the anterior ends of the left
4th and 5th intercostal spaces.
- During full inspiration it becomes
occupied by the lingula of the left lung.