Tectonics Case Studies

Fold Mountains Andes Range
1. Uses of Mountain Range
  1. Mining (Yanacocha Gold Mine)
  2. Farming
  3. Hydroelectric Power
  4. Tourism (Ancient Inca settlements & scenery)
2. Adapted to living on Mountain Range
  1. Terraces for farming
  2. Donkeys & Llama for transport
  3. Jobs in mining to make money
  4. Money from tourism - tours, souvenirs
Volcanic Eruption Chances Peak, Montserrat
1. Causes
  1. Carribean-North American Destructive Plate Boundary
2. Effects
  1. 19 died from Pyroclastic Flow
  2. Infrastructure destroyed - hospital, homes, businesses
  3. The year's harvest destroyed
  4. Evacuation from South to North of island
  5. Tourism increased long term due to famous attraction
  6. Land became more fertile
  7. Ruined development
3. Responses
  1. Immediate evacuation
  2. St Lucia sent nurses
  3. MEDC's gave aid.
  4. Infrastructure rebuilt slowly
  5. Now they have built a volcano observatory and use animals for detection
  6. South is an exclusion zone
Supervolcano Yellowstone, USA
1. Characteristics
  1. Caldera - Huge depression to mark collapsed magma chamber
  2. Fissures - Extended openings along lines of weaknesses for magma to escape from.
  3. Geysers - Geothermal feature in which water erupts from when under pressure.
2. Likely Effects!
  1. 87,000 die almost instantly
  2. Pyroclastic flow would destroy everything in a 100 mile radius
  3. Eject 2.5 trillion tonnes of ash - enough to cover ash.
  4. Ash would spread globally killing 1 in 3 people.
  5. Ash would affect transport, water, farming and electricity so more people would die from starvation
Tsunami Indian Ocean
1. Cause
  1. Earthquake from destructive plate boundary on the sea-bed, displaced water causing tsunami wave to travel at 800km/h towards shore
2. Effects
  1. 220, 000 died
  2. 650, 000 injured
  3. 1500 settlements destroyed
  4. 2 million homeless
  5. Farm land lost
  6. Tourism fell
  7. Fishing industry destroyed
  8. Disease spread
3. Responses
  1. LEDC's so no resources
  2. Immediate aid from MEDC's - water purification tablets, medical supplies, temporary housing and millions in money aid. (Britain alone gave £370 million)
  3. Only 1 in 20 homes rebuilt in first year
  4. Now planting mangroves to absorb impact of tsunami.
  5. Education
  6. Warning systems between countries on the Indian coast
LEDC Earthquake Haiti
1. Cause
  1. North American-Carribean conservative plate boundary
2. Effects
  1. 220,000 died initially. Cholera killed 6000 more
  2. Infrastructure destroyed
  3. 3.5 million affected overall
3. Responses
  1. Local civilians helping each other
  2. Aid sent from MEDC's in the form of medical (doctors), money (£100 million), food and shelter
  3. Now they've set up over 200 teams to build earthquake proof buildings.
  4. Trained teachers to educate on earthquakes
MEDC Earthquake L'Aquilla, Italy
1. Cause
  1. Eurasion-African destructive plate boundary
2. Effects
  1. 308 died
  2. 65 000 homeless
  3. 1500 injured
  4. Thousands of buildings destroyed - worth over £16 billion
  5. Tourism reduced initially
3. Responses
  1. Immediate and effective search and rescue
  2. 40 000 homeless put in tented camps and 25 000 put up in hotels
  3. Telephone companies provided free communication
  4. Use of NASA motion detection
  5. 880 Seismometers in the area
  6. New earthquake proof buildings
  7. Evacuation plan to citizens

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