Burns

Burns

types
1. Heat burns
2. Cold temperature burns
3. Electrical burns
4. Chemical burns
5. Radiation burns
6. Friction burns
skin
1. epidermis
  1. stratum corneum
  2. sratum granulosum
  3. stratum spinosm
  4. stratum basale
  5. stratum lucedium
2. dermis
  1. Appendages
    1. Sebaceous glands (sebum)
      1. Empty into hair follicle
      2. Directly into skin surface
    2. Sweat glands
      1. eccrine
      2. apocrine
    3. Hair and hair follicles
      1. arrector pili
3. hypodermis
  1. adipose tissue
treatment
1. onitment
  1. topical therapy
  2. providing occlusion, hydration, and lubrication.
2. Cooling
3. Pain management
4. Dressings
Classification
1. First-degree
  1. affect only the epidermis
2. second degree
  1. epidermis and part of the dermis
3. third degree
  1. epidermis and dermis and may go into the subcutaneous tissue
4. Fourth degree
  1. damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons
antibiotics
1. Mechanism & types
  1. Mycolic acid synthesis inhibitors
  2. folic acid synthesis inhibitors
  3. cell wall synthesis inhibitors
    1. Penicillin
      1. Types
        Penicillins
        gram-positiveorganisms
        gram-negative cocci
        andnon-β-lactamaseproducinganaerobes
        Susceptible to hydrolysis by β-lactamases
        Antistaphylococcal Penicillins
        Resistant to staphylococcal β-lactamases
        staphylococci
        streptococci
        Extended-SpectrumPenicillins
        gram-negativeorganisms
        Susceptible to hydrolysis by β-lactamases
      2. Mechanism
        bind covalently to PBP and inhibit the transpeptidation process leading to cell death
      3. Pharmacokinetics
        Stable for years in dry form but loses activity rapidly (24 hrs at 20°C) in solution form.
        Elimination
        renal excretion
        active tubular secretion
        Absorption
        Impaired by food
        Most tissue concentrations are equivalent to those in serum
  4. inhibition of protein synthesis
  5. RNA synthesis inhibitors
  6. DNA synthesis inhibitors
Burn center
1. Al Wakra Hospital
Microbiology lab
1. testing, culturing, and research
  1. study micro-organisms
cell death
1. necrosis
  1. Pathologic death of one or more cells, or of a portion of tissue or organ, resulting from irreversible damage
2. apoptosis
  1. programmable cell death
inflamation
1. cardinal signs
  1. Pain
  2. Redness
  3. Immobility
  4. Swelling
  5. Heat
2. steps
  1. recognizing os the forien bodies by host cells and molecules
  2. recruitment of the Leukocytes and plasma proteins
  3. leukocytes and proteins are activated to eliminate the offending substance
  4. damaged tissue is repaired
infection
1. Lymph Nodes
  1. Functions
    1. Removal of foreign materials such as bacteria and tumor cells from the lymphatic stream
    2. Production of lymphocytes that function in the specific immune response
  2. Lymphadenitis
    1. enlarged by swelling (inflammation), often in response to bacteria, viruses, or fungi
    2. Treatment
      1. Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
      2. Analgesics (painkillers) to control pain
      3. Anti-inflammatory medicines to reduce inflammation
2. Immunity
  1. Innate
    1. protects the body from any pathogens.
  2. Adaptive
    1. acts against specific foreign substances.
healing
1. phases
  1. Inflammatory
    1. Hemostasis
      1. 1-Vasoconstriction 2-Platelet plug formation 3-Coagulation
  2. Proliferative
    1. Epithelization
      1. basal cell proliferation and epithelial migration occurring in the fibrin bridgework inside a clot.
    2. Fibroplasia
      1. fibroblast proliferation, accumulation of ground substance, and collagen production
    3. Angiogenesis
      1. formation of new blood vessels
  3. Maturational
    1. collagen cross-linking, collagen remodeling, wound contraction and repigmentation
2. Classification of Wounds Closure
  1. Primary Intention
    1. All Layers are closed
  2. Secondary Intention
    1. Deep layers are closed but superficial layers are left to heal from the inside out
  3. Tertiary Intention
    1. delayed primary closure
3. Risk factors for non healing
  1. Aging
  2. Infection
  3. Diabetes
  4. Nutritional status
  5. Smoking

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	Erstellt von ahmed king vor etwa 8 Jahre