English Language Change from 1066 AD to 1500 AD

Changes to words and sentences
1. Normans abandoned Old Norse (Viking) for French
2. Norse influence caused grammatical change
  1. Inflections (endings) to word roots
3. Pronounciation changes
  1. Inflections sometimes dropped
    1. Some words sounded like other words
      1. Rigid sentence structure implemented to combat this
        Subject + Verb + Object
Norman French influence
1. Influenced language in royal court, church, law and education
2. Words borrowed from French
3. Words for meat introduced instead of animal name
  1. Pork (porc)
  2. Beef (boeuf)
  3. Mutton (mouton)
4. Words respelt using French conventions
  1. îs > ice
  2. cwçn > queen
5. Influence waned by 14th century
Language and contexts
1. Anglo-Norman was spoken language of court, administration and culture
2. Latin was written language of church and official records
  1. Domesday book used Latin to emphasise legal authority
3. Peasantry and lower classes spoke Old English
  1. Considered by Normans as lower class language
  2. 95% of population
New words
1. 10,000 words moved from Norman into English
  1. 75% are still in use today
2. Abstract nouns introduced
  1. Ending in:
    1. -age
    2. -ance/ence
    3. -ant/ent
    4. -ity
    5. -tion
  2. Starting in
    1. con-
    2. pre-
    3. ex-
    4. trans-
    5. de-
3. Tradesmen
  1. Humble trades kept anglo-saxon names
    1. Baker
    2. Miller
    3. Shoemaker
  2. Skilled trades adopted French names
    1. Mason
    2. Painter
    3. Tailor
    4. Merchant
4. Synonyms
  1. Infant/child
  2. Battle/fight
  3. Labour/work
  4. Desire/wish
  5. Conceal/hide
  6. Aid/help
  7. Odour/smell
5. French and Old English combined
  1. French 'gentle' + Germanic 'man' > gentleman
6. Examples
  1. Crown and Authority
    1. Prince
    2. Count
    3. Duke
    4. Some Anglo-saxon words remained
      1. King
      2. Queen
      3. Earl
      4. Lady
  2. Government and administration
    1. City
    2. Government
    3. Parliament
  3. Court and law
    1. Jury
    2. Accuse
  4. War and combat
  5. Authority and Control
    1. Serf
    2. Obedience
  6. Fashion and high living
    1. Mansion

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English Language Change from 1066 AD to 1500 AD

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	Erstellt von Elizabeth Carr vor fast 11 Jahre