Life on Earth

Species - a group of organisms that breed fertile offspring.
Habitat - the environment an animal or plant lives in
Resources influence adaption of all animals. Food, water,Light. Creating competition.
Cactus - stems right into ground to collect water. Spikes to protects itself.
Food Chains
1. Direction of energy & material transferred through organisms.
2. Interdependance - all things within the food chain is interrelated. rely on each other.
3. Autotroph - A plant
Food Webs
1. All the food chains in a habitat are interrelated.
Decomposers - bacteria & fungi.
Detritivores - Earth worms & woodlice that break it down into smaller particles.
Percentage of energy successfully transferred = amount used / potential available x 100
On average only 10% energy gained from the sun stored as plant tissue.
Carbon
Nitrogen
Combustion
1. Fuel + Oxygen ------> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Released
Respiration
1. Glucose + Oxygen -----> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Released
Photosynthesis
1. Carbon Dioxide + water ----Light Energy----> Glucose + Oxygen
Gene Mutation
1. Genetic variation occurs when changes called mutations in the genes occur
Selective Breeding
1. When 2 animals/plants with certain traits deliberately mated so that its produces a offspring with certain characteristics.
Natural Selection
1. When the environment of the animal or plant affects which survives meaning environment determines its traits.
Evolution
1. Combined effects could lead to formation of new species.
  1. Mutations
  2. Natural Selection
  3. Environmental changes
  4. Isolation - isolated from one population so can't breed.
2. Today it is accepted that all life came from evolution of natural selection.
Biodiversity
1. refers to the variety of life on earth
2. Measured in a number of ways.
  1. The number of species in a area
  2. Range of different types of organisms
  3. The genetic variation within species.
3. It enables ecosystems & the species within them to survive natural disasters.
Extinction
1. Rate of extinction on earth increasing
2. Excessive hunting of animals
3. Removal of their habitats.
4. Introducing predators to new locations
5. Eradicating a pest has a knock on effect on food web.
Sustainability
1. meeting the needs of people today without the damaging the earth for future generations
2. What materials should be used
3. How much energy is needed to manufacture it.
4. How much pollution will be produced as a result.

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Life on Earth

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