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Mindmap von Rachel Burns, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Rachel Burns
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Topic 1 - Agency -
Additional articles
- DETECTION OF INTERMODAL
PROPRIOCEPTIVE-VISUAL CONTINGENCY
AS A POTENTIAL BASIS OF
SELF-PERCEPTION IN INFANCY.
- BAHRICK & WATSON 1985
- BAHRICK & WATSON 1985
- BACKGROUND
- LEWIS &BROOKS-GUNN 1979. By
the end of the first year of life, infants
are able to discriminate a 'live' video
image of the self from a recorded
image of the self or a peer.
- Proposed that this is based on the detection of contingent
visual stimulation from the live video image. That is -
movement of the infants hand is comparable to movement
of hand in video image. Propose that the earliest stages of
self-perception are probably based on the infants detection
of some form of response, contingent stimulation such as
the contingency between visual and proprioceptive
feedback from body motion.
- Evidence
newborns/2mth/3mth infants
can discriminate
contingent/non-contingent
- Evidence
newborns/2mth/3mth infants
can discriminate
contingent/non-contingent
- Proposed that this is based on the detection of contingent
visual stimulation from the live video image. That is -
movement of the infants hand is comparable to movement
of hand in video image. Propose that the earliest stages of
self-perception are probably based on the infants detection
of some form of response, contingent stimulation such as
the contingency between visual and proprioceptive
feedback from body motion.
- LEWIS &BROOKS-GUNN 1979. By
the end of the first year of life, infants
are able to discriminate a 'live' video
image of the self from a recorded
image of the self or a peer.
- AIM
- Aim of current study is to directly
investigate infants capacity to detect
proprioceptive visual relations uniting
self-motion with a visual display of
motion
- As of yet the prior confounds
of eye contact, eye motion &
general body motion variablility -
basis of infants discrimination
between contingent image of
self & noncontingent image of
self/peer unresolved.
- In this study 5mth old infants -tested for discrimination
between a live video image of self & non-contingent image
of a peer. Eye contact &eye motion variability -eliminated -
presenting the image of infants body from the waist down
- only foot & leg motion displayed. Body motion variability
controlled.
- In this study 5mth old infants -tested for discrimination
between a live video image of self & non-contingent image
of a peer. Eye contact &eye motion variability -eliminated -
presenting the image of infants body from the waist down
- only foot & leg motion displayed. Body motion variability
controlled.
- As of yet the prior confounds
of eye contact, eye motion &
general body motion variablility -
basis of infants discrimination
between contingent image of
self & noncontingent image of
self/peer unresolved.
- Aim of current study is to directly
investigate infants capacity to detect
proprioceptive visual relations uniting
self-motion with a visual display of
motion
- EXPERIMENT 1 Infants -
discriminate between nonfacial
stimuli on basis of contingency &
whether they would preferentially
fixate on contingent or
non-contingent display.?
- METHOD
- 20 5mth old infants
- Infants seated in infant seat,
faced 2 TVs, video-tape videod
infants legs. All infants wore
yellow booties
- Viewed screens for 4mins - one
screen live other screen legs&feet
of peer. Visual fixations were
monitored. Positions of displays
-counterbalanced.
- Viewed screens for 4mins - one
screen live other screen legs&feet
of peer. Visual fixations were
monitored. Positions of displays
-counterbalanced.
- Infants seated in infant seat,
faced 2 TVs, video-tape videod
infants legs. All infants wore
yellow booties
- 20 5mth old infants
- METHOD
- RESULTS FROM EXP 1
- 5mth olds can differentiate
between a contingent display of
their own leg & motion &
noncontingent display of peers
legs. Prefer noncontingent
display.
- 5mth olds can differentiate
between a contingent display of
their own leg & motion &
noncontingent display of peers
legs. Prefer noncontingent
display.
- EXPERIMENT 2 - looks at whether
infants make a visual comparison
between motions of own legs &
those pictured on visual display.
OR if infants use proprioceptive
information & detected an
intermodal relation between this
proprioceptive info & visual info
displayed on screen.
- METHOD
- Infants live video display own legs and peers
- Infants direct view of own body occluded - no longer
have access to visual info for their leg motion, Must rely
on proprioception for detecting contingency between leg
motion & video. Will infants be able to discriminate
between contingent & non contingent displays without
view to own leg motion?
- Same procedure as exp 1 - except wooden tray in
front of infants & a bib - direct view of infants own
body occluded.
- Same procedure as exp 1 - except wooden tray in
front of infants & a bib - direct view of infants own
body occluded.
- Infants direct view of own body occluded - no longer
have access to visual info for their leg motion, Must rely
on proprioception for detecting contingency between leg
motion & video. Will infants be able to discriminate
between contingent & non contingent displays without
view to own leg motion?
- Infants live video display own legs and peers
- METHOD
- RESULTS EXP 2
- 5mth olds show visual discrimination of a
contingent display of their own leg motion &
noncontingent display of peers leg even
when their own body is occluded.
Suggests infants don't rely on visual info
for determing how bodies are moving.
- Need not detect contingency by making a visual comaprison. May
be able to use proprioceptive info. Infants couuld have discriminated
images by detecting the intermodal relationship between the
non-visual proprioceptive info for motion & the visual display of that
motion.
- Need not detect contingency by making a visual comaprison. May
be able to use proprioceptive info. Infants couuld have discriminated
images by detecting the intermodal relationship between the
non-visual proprioceptive info for motion & the visual display of that
motion.
- 5mth olds show visual discrimination of a
contingent display of their own leg motion &
noncontingent display of peers leg even
when their own body is occluded.
Suggests infants don't rely on visual info
for determing how bodies are moving.
- EXP 3 Do infants recognise features of own body?
- METHOD - video of contingent self& video
of non-contingent self. Only contingent
relationship differed
- RESULTS - infants preference for
noncontingent. Evidence infants detection of
intermodal contingence between proprioceptive
& visual info for motion.
- RESULTS - infants preference for
noncontingent. Evidence infants detection of
intermodal contingence between proprioceptive
& visual info for motion.
- METHOD - video of contingent self& video
of non-contingent self. Only contingent
relationship differed
- EXP 4. younger infants 3mth
olds. They have more
extreme looking proportions
than 5mth olds.
- GENERAL DISCUSSION
- 5mth olds - differnetial visual fixation to a
contingent video of their legs moving & a
noncontingent video of peers legs moving.
- Results of these studies taken together demonstrate
that information provided by a live image of one's own
body motion can be perceived through the detection of
invariant intermodal relations between visually &
proprioceptivity specified motion
- 5mth olds prefer to view non-contingent displays of self or
peer over perfectly contingent display of own motion. This
detection of proprioceptive visual invariants may be
fundamental to infants perception of the self & may underlie
the development of self-recognition in infancy.
- 5mth olds prefer to view non-contingent displays of self or
peer over perfectly contingent display of own motion. This
detection of proprioceptive visual invariants may be
fundamental to infants perception of the self & may underlie
the development of self-recognition in infancy.
- Results of these studies taken together demonstrate
that information provided by a live image of one's own
body motion can be perceived through the detection of
invariant intermodal relations between visually &
proprioceptivity specified motion
- 5mth olds - differnetial visual fixation to a
contingent video of their legs moving & a
noncontingent video of peers legs moving.
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