1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation

Cell Organisation
1. Two different types of cells
  1. Prokaryotic Cells
    1. Found in bacteria and blue-green algae
    2. No membrane-bound organelles
    3. DNA lies free in the Cytoplasm
    4. No nuclear membrane or ER
    5. Ribosomes are smaller
    6. Cell wall containing murein
  2. Eukaryotic Cells
    1. Found in plants, animals, fungi and protoctists
    2. Membrane-bound organelles
    3. DNA located on Chromosomes
    4. Distinct membrane-bound nucleus
    5. Ribosomes are larger
    6. Cell wall in plants made of cellulose
2. Viruses
  1. causes a variety of infectious diseases in humans, animals and plants
  2. They are extreamely small
  3. can be called a 'non-cell'
    1. no cytoplasm
    2. no organelles
    3. no chromosomes
  4. Outside a living cell a virus exists as an invert 'viron'
  5. Made up of two comonents
    1. Nucleic acids
    2. protein coat
Cell Structure
1. Cytoplasm
  1. highly organised
  2. consisting of a soluble ground substance called cytosol
2. Nucleus
  1. controls the cell's activities
  2. contains chromosimes
3. nuclear envelope
  1. double membrane around the nucleus
  2. has pores in it to allow transport of mRNA
4. nucleoplasm
  1. the cytoplasm type substance in the nucleus
  2. contains chromatin
    1. DNA bound to protein
5. Nucleolus
  1. Manufactures RNA which is needed to make ribosomes
6. Mitochondrion
  1. Sites of ATP Synthesis
7. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  1. Rough
    1. ribosomes on the outer surface
    2. transporting proteins made by the ribosomes
  2. Smooth
    1. membrane with a lack of ribosomes
    2. Concerned with they synthesis and transport of lipids
8. ribosomes
  1. protein synthesis
9. Golgi Body
  1. produces secretory enzymes
  2. secreting carbohydrated
  3. Producing glycoprotein
  4. Transporting and storing lipids
  5. Forming lysosomes
10. Lysosomes
  1. contain and isolate digestive enzymes
11. Centrioles
  1. during cell division they divide and go to the poles
  2. synthesise the microtubules of the spindle
12. Chloroplasts
  1. found in cells of photosynthrsising tissue
  2. sites of photosynthesis
13. Vacuole

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1.2 Cell Structure and Organisation

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