Impact of food consumption

Inadequate
1. Health
  1. Malnutrition
    1. Examples
      1. 5 million child deaths under age 5 in LDCs
        52.5% caused by malnutrition
      2. 148 million under weight children worldwide
        78 million children (South Asia LDCs)
        36 million children (Sub-Saharan Africa)
      3. LDCs>DCs
        16% of people in LDCs suffer malnutrition
        75% of Democratic Republic of Congo suffer malnutrition
    2. Impact
      1. Infacy
        Malnourished infants
      2. Childhood
        Impaired development
        Fall more sick more often
      3. Adolescence
        Impair development
        Loss of school days & educational opportunities
      4. Adulthood
        Less productive at work
        Low weight gain and reduced capacity to care for children
  2. Ill-Health
    1. Vitamin A
      1. Includes eggs,cheese & milk
      2. Uses
        Maintain good eyesight
        Keeps skin,tissues,bones and immune system healthy
      3. Defficiency
        Visual impairment & blindness
        250,000 - 500,000 children become blind annually
        Diarrheal diseases & measles
        44.8% of children deaths caused by measles in 2009
        60.7% die from diarrhea
        Children have lower educational opportunities
        Lower earning power
    2. Vitamin D & Calcium
      1. Uses
        Make strong and healthy bones
        Vitamin D: Helps fight body from infection, enables vital organs to work well
      2. Defficiency
        Osteoporosis
        More fragile bones which lead to fractures or breaking
        Less work days & productivities
        US$3.7 billion spent on patients with hip fractures in 2006
  3. Starvation
    1. Extreme malnutrition
      1. Body becomes skeletally thin
        Permanent damage to organs
        Person will die if untreated
    2. More common in LDCs
      1. 98% of people facing starvation live in LDCs
        60% of them live in Asia
2. Economic
  1. Lower Productivity
    1. Workers fall sick more often
      1. Lowers productivity, refers to output of goods per unit of labor
        Leads to lower income
    2. Children fall sick more often
      1. Loss of school days
        Loss of educational opportunities
        7,300 8-year olds--> Permanent brain damage
  2. Higher Public Health Expenditure
    1. Increase in demand of health services
      1. Public expenditure & overall cost of healthcare increases
        Limited resources stretched and cannot focus much on transport,housing,agriculture and education
        Slows down country's economic growth
  3. Long-Term Debt
    1. Food and financial aid given by DCs to help LDCs cope with lack of food
      1. May lead to long-term debt problems for receiving countries
      2. Human Development Report in 2005,2006,2007 shows food supply 34% more expensive than purchased locally
        LDCs incurred losses between US$5-US$7 billion
3. Political
  1. Instability
    1. Wars & Social unrest
      1. Drought in Russia decreased wheat production
        30% increase in food prices in 2010
        Protests in Mozambique began
4. Social
  1. Scavenging
    1. Heath risks
      1. Disposed food contain high levels of bacteria or chemicals
    2. Dangerous or illegal situations
      1. Scavengers trespass over private property
      2. Abused and harassed
  2. Many people reside near 'Smokey Mountain' in Manila,Phillipines
    1. Massive amounts of rubbish and waste
Excessive
1. Health
  1. Obesity occurs
    1. Leads to health problems such as high blood pressure,coronary heart diseases,diabetes and cancer
      1. More common in DCs due to higher disposable income --> Stronger purchasing power
    2. 1971-2000: Obesity in USA increased from 14.5% to 30.9%
  2. Excessive consumption of salt,sugar,alcohol,processed food and red meat
    1. Kidney failure,liver diseases and hypertension
2. Economic
  1. More workers absent from work
    1. Lower productivity leads to lower incomes
      1. Unable to work productively or study productively
      2. Costs millions in productivity and insurance costs
    2. Poor health hinders progress
  2. Duke University with BMI
    1. 40 twice as likely to fall ill or be injured
3. Social
  1. Food Wastage
    1. DCs waste 230 million tones annually, estimated by FAO
      1. DCs: 95-115 kg per capita
      2. LDCs: 6-11kg per capita
    2. Further strain on landfills
      1. Resources used to produce food wasted
  2. Dieting
    1. USA's weight loss industry valued US$20 billion, in 2012
      1. Inappropriate dieting leads to depression
      2. Physical illnesses
        Iron-deficiency anaemia

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Impact of food consumption

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