pharmacodynamics

pharmacologic effect
1. clinical response
  1. toxicity
  2. efficacy
Target Sites
1. Non-specific interactions/non receptor mediated mechanism
  1. chemical rxn (non receptor-mediated mechanism
    1. antacid
  2. surfactant (non recept. med. rxn
    1. docusate sodium
  3. protein denaturation (shrink, tighten mucus membranes, anti-inflammatory effects,
    1. astringents
  4. osmotic effects
    1. alter the flow of h2o b/t compartments
      1. diuretics
        mannitol
  5. selective toxicity
    1. chemotherapy compounds
      1. targets a select grp of cells
        Lipids: amphotericin B
        Nucleic Acids
        DNA
        daunorubicin, doxorubicin
        RNA
        macrolides, aminoglycosides, fomivirsen, amantidine
4 levels for mechanism of drug action
1. Molecular
  1. targets regulatory receptors
2. cellular
  1. drug binds to receptor to signaling pathway to start or be inhibited
3. tissue
  1. affects fxn of organ
4. system
  1. organ system fxn is altered
Ligand
1. moecule or compd that interacts with a receptor
  1. Albuterol
    1. acts on Beta 2 receptor which is activated, inducing intracellular changes, PKA phosphorylates enzymes to inhibit muscle contraction, cAMP keeps calcium in ER
2. selective sub typing
  1. Based on what the drug binds to
Receptors
1. Regions
  1. Extracellular
  2. intracellular
    1. to reach this type of active site, a drug needs to be lipophilic or small to go thru the pores of the cell membrane; can diffuse through a transporter
  3. transmembrane
2. Classification
  1. 2 overlapping systems
    1. Neurotransmitter Receptors
      1. Gprotein coupled receptors
        acetylcholine, serotonin
      2. ligand gated ion channels
        Acetylcholine, serotinin
    2. G-Protein Coupled Receptors
      1. Neurotransmitter: norepinephrine
      2. Peptides: Glucagon

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pharmacodynamics

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