INFO3 ICT Strategy

Introduction
1. Strategies are ways that organisations can realise their aims and objectives
2. Usually consist of broad details of what will be needed
  1. It is the policies which give the fine detail
Factors that influence an ICT system strategy within an organisation
1. Internal Factors
  1. Business goals
    1. ICT systems will need to be put in place to support them
  2. Available Finance
    1. Bugets
    2. Benefits must outweigh costs
  3. Legacy systems
    1. usually mixture of old and new systems
      1. cause problems when have to interface
      2. Have to use one anothers data
        older system places constrant on development of new system
  4. Geography of clients and business fulfilment
    1. where customers/clients are located determines the ICT strategy and the way in which customers/clients recieve the good and services
      1. eg world wide would need e-commerce
2. External Factors
  1. Legislation
    1. Laws must be obeyed and new system must not break laws
      1. Freedom of Information Act 2000
      2. The Data Protection Act 1998
      3. The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
      4. The Computer Misuse Act 1990
  2. Compliance
    1. Conforming to a specification or policy, standard or law that has been clearly defined (for example)
      1. HMRC
      2. Trading Standards
      3. Environmental Protection Agency
The Management of information assets over time
1. Most organisations information needs to be kept for a long period of time
2. Organisations need to keep records for a long period of time
  1. Important that any ICT system being developed has spare capacity
3. Organisations store emails, voicemails, internal memos etc
  1. If needed in legal trial etc
4. Keep backups too
5. Creates storage problems and hard if someone wants to find something from 10 years ago
  1. takes time and expensive
The Need for a corporate strategy covering technology for ICT systems in large organisations
1. take advantage of commercial benefits on offer
  1. review new developments to see benefits
2. Software regularly upgraded
  1. increased functionality
  2. have to learn new things
  3. and hardware
3. Future Proofing
  1. need to be able to cope with the increasing demands of business over coming years
  2. Difficult as hard to forsee potential developments in the business
  3. Ways ICT systems can be future proofed
    1. Scaleable networks- easy to add extra servers and terminals
    2. Applications that are independent of the OS- if OS changed, the application can still run
    3. Data storage seperate to database programs so multiple applications can use data
    4. Large amounts of storage capacity initially purchased to cope with increase in data
    5. Higher processing power than needed at the time, to cope with more demanding applications
4. Developments in technology
  1. new developments evolve quickly in ICT
    1. organisations have to move quickly to adopt them
    2. competitors could gain market advantage
    3. strategy should not be so rigid it cannot be changed
5. Procurement
  1. Purchasing of goods and services
  2. Typically involve
    1. researching suitable providers
    2. tendering (asking for quotes and comparing cost)
    3. Collating relevant information
    4. Choosing companies and setting up contracts
6. Technology life cycle
  1. 4 phases
    1. Research and Development
    2. The ascent phase: costs recovered
    3. The maturity phase: works well, make savings
    4. The Decline Phase: out of date, cost outweigh benefits
7. Information management
  1. availability of infomormation
  2. policies to provide info
8. People Considerations
  1. people need to gain new skills
  2. new people recruited
  3. reorganisations
  4. teleworking
  5. strategy must ensure staff and working practices are in position to cope with change
Standards that may affect strategic choice
1. in order to successfully work together need to be standards
2. exchanging data
  1. saves time as data in form which both can read
    1. have to use the same standards so sysems can communicate and exchange data so it doesnt have to be re-keyed in
Key Words
1. Business goals- the long and short term objectives the business would like to meet
2. Legacy system- an old system or piece of hardware/software that continues to be used because the organisation does not want to alter or replace it.

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INFO3 ICT Strategy

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