Stalin's Russia

Great Terror
1. Show trials to rid old Bolsheviks
  1. Those who knew Lenin's testament
  2. Acted as a deterrent
2. Zinoviev and kamenev and Bukharin shot
3. Tortured Trotsky's former allies
4. Purge of army
5. 10% of adult males sent to Gulags
6. 5% of women arrested
7. 1937-38 1.5 million people executed
8. Stalin blamed Yezhov and Beria
9. Purge of Jews
10. Prisoniers of war returned to country of origin
  1. Acted as spies
11. Purge of red army
  1. Due to defeats
12. 1000 Leningrad party members sacked
13. Stalin convinced that his Doctor was against him
  1. Arrested him and 30 top Doctors
14. 1941 Purge of military intelligence
15. Those sympathetic to Germans exiled
16. Ethnic groups exiled to Siberia
17. Showed Stalin's paranoia
5 Year Plans
1. Declared ahead of schedule
2. Emphasis on heavy industry
3. Plans drawn up by GOSPLAN
4. Huge industrial centres constructed
5. First 5 year plan
  1. October 1928-32
  2. Heavy industry at consumer expense
  3. Economy grew 14% per year
  4. Education reform
  5. Improved living standards
  6. Harsh labour discipline
  7. Poor quality goods
6. Second 5 year plan
  1. 1933-38
  2. Emphasis on communications and electricity
  3. Wage increase
  4. Agricultural reforms
  5. Peasants allowed small private farming lots
  6. Lying about figures
  7. Social inequalities
  8. Outlawed private shoe production
7. Third 5 year plan
  1. 1938-41
  2. Emphasis on rearmment and economy
  3. International passports
  4. Chaotically planned
    1. So used terror
  5. Resources for defence
Collectivisation
1. Machine tractor stations hired and maintained machinery
  1. MTS
  2. Had political department to spy on peasants to ensure order
2. Collective farms had to deliver quotas of grain
  1. Unrealistic targets
  2. Sold to towns
  3. Became largest cereal exporter
3. 50-100 Households put together
4. Tools, land and animals combined on farms
5. Stalin planned to merge collective farms - Kolkhoz
6. Kulaks and families shot or exiled to Siberia
7. Collectivisation stops March 1930
8. Collectivisation resumed 1931
9. 10 million deaths to famines
10. Workers got no wages
  1. Given work days
11. Profits divided up according to number of workdays
12. State provided tractors and fertilisers to modernise production
13. Punishment for sabotage and failings to meet targets
14. Dekulakisation 1929
  1. Peasants can use their own resources
15. Disregarded human suffering
Propaganda and Arts
1. Paintings, novels and history books used to glorify Stalin
2. Stalin's role in early communist days emphasised
3. Portraits present Stalin as God like
  1. Like Tsars
4. Stalin showed like Lenin
5. Erased Trotsky for party history
  1. His role in October revolution
  2. Photos altered
6. Communists purged were removed from Soviet art/history
7. Socialist realist paintings
8. Music joyous and positive
  1. 3 Songs about Lenin
9. New Soviet art
  1. Party/national spirit
  2. New thinking
10. Film under control of Politburo
  1. Pre censored film scripts
11. State control over literature and art
12. Stalin's childhood home becomes a shrine
13. Stalin's image reassured people through first 5 year plan purges
14. Stalin's cult focused on achievements of the regime
15. Stalin kept his personal life very private
16. Stalin portrayed alongside Lenin
Domestic
1. Education
  1. Emphasis on teaching history of great Russians
  2. Party and trade unions offered grants and scholarships
  3. Communist party children favoured
  4. Teaching influenced by 5 year plan methods
  5. Traditional teaching and disciplinary methods
  6. Emphasis on strict discipline
  7. Children taught to respect their parents and Soviets
2. Family
  1. Financial rewards for women with large families
  2. Abortions led to 2 years imprisonment
  3. Women responsible for household
  4. Married party members given spacious accomodation
  5. 1937 91% men married, 82% women married
  6. 1934 Campaign promoting sexual abstinence
  7. Medical virginity checks on young women
  8. 1936 Divorce made more complex and expensive
  9. Soviets punished men who had deserted their wives
  10. No contraception available
  11. Decline in birth rate
  12. 1936 Incest, bigamy, adultery and homosexuality recriminalised
  13. 1936 Wedding rings reintroduced
3. Work
  1. 3-13 million women employed

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Stalin's Russia

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	Erstellt von Gemma Bradford vor mehr als 11 Jahre