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Janice’s Painful Knee
Beschreibung
Mindmap am Janice’s Painful Knee, erstellt von Fatma Shwaylia am 10/04/2017.
Mindmap von
Fatma Shwaylia
, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Mehr
Weniger
Erstellt von
Fatma Shwaylia
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
160
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Janice’s Painful Knee
Anatomy of the knee
Articulations
Ligaments
Bursae
Medial view
Anterior view
Arteries
Genicular Anastamosis
Muscles of the leg
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Veins
Knee pain
causes
Injuries
ACL injury
Fractures
Torn meniscus
Knee bursitis
Patellar tendinitis
Mechanical Pain
Loose body
Iliotibial band syndrome
Dislocated kneecap
Hip or foot pain
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
chronic disease characterized by progressive degeneration, destruction, and loss of articular cartilage.
Primary
in the elderly without an obvious cause
Secondary
Affects joints damaged by another disease
Pathology
Progression
Prognosis
Unpredictable
Depends on joint affected and progression
40% of old OA patients have x-ray evidence revealing significant OA in their hips and knees
less than 5% will undergo joint replacement surgery.
Risk Factors
Local Risk Factors
Obesity
Injury/Surgery
Occupation
Physical Activity
Mechanical factors
Alignment
Laxity
Systemic Risk Factors
Age
Gender & Hormones
Race/Ethnicity
Genetics
Congenital Conditions
Diet
common clinical features
Pain, dull and deep seated
Stiffness of joints,
Crepitus, a sound elicited by the opposing joint surfaces
Swelling and effusion
Heberden nodes involving the finger joints
Complications
Chondrolysis
Osteonecrosis
Stress fractures
Loss of ability
Hemorrhage within the joint
Infection
Compression of vertebral artery
Osteophyte pressing on the esophagus
Atrophy
Baker’s Cyst (popliteal cysts)
Treatment and management
Non- pharmacological treatment
Life style
Exercise
Aids and appliances
Patient education
Heat and cold
Weight loss
pharmacological treatment
Glucosamine is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids
It is in the fluid that is around joints.
Can be given to:
Relief the pain within 4-8 weeks NSAIDS “ibuprofen” within
Improve joint function
Slow breakdown of joints
Surgery
knee Joint replacement
surgery to replace a knee joint with a man-made joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis.
Recommended in
Pain
from sleeping or doing normal activities.
cannot walk and take care of yourself.
knee pain has not improved with other treatment
understand what surgery and recovery will be like.
Unloading in certain joints (eg, knee, hip)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
pseudogout
Septic arthritis
Signs and symptoms
Redness and warmth to the warmth
Swelling and stiffness
Weakness or instability
Popping or crunching noises
inability to fully straighten the knee
Physical Examination of the knee Joint
Introduction
(greeting-explaining-privacy-confidentiality-consent).
HEPA
H: hand washing
E: exposure.
P:position(patient) and gait
A: appearance.
Inspection
S: symmetry
S:skin (discoloration-scars-abnormal creases)
Shape
joint: swelling
Bone: deformity
.Muscle: wasting.
P: position(of the joint).
Palpation
Skin(temperature)
Muscle(wasting-spasms)
Blood vessels(pulse).
Bone(bony landmarks)
Joint(crepitus-space-swelling).
Range of Movements
Passive and active
Flexion (135 degrees or above).
Extension(0 degree).
Special tests
Anterior Drawer test
Posterior Drawer Test
Patellar Apprehension Test
Collateral ligaments stress test
Apley's grinding and distraction test
Radiology
osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
gout
Medienanhänge
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