Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Going global
- Switched on/off
- Reasons why countries are switched on
Anmerkungen:
- Oil resources
- Large labour forces
- Physical factors such as relief and mineral deposits (aid industry growth)
- Location (eg pacific rim) encourages investment
- Skilled labour (universities)
- reasons why countries are switched off
Anmerkungen:
- - Civil war or fighting
- politically isolated and unstable
- Highly vulnerable to climate change and natural hazards
- physical isolation and lack of coastline deters inward investors seeking an import/ export base
- poor resources for agriculture
- resources controlled by a small elite
- lack of skills and literacy deters inward investros
- resources controlled by foreign TNCs
- Winners/losers
- winners
Anmerkungen:
- - China
- Huge population
- Natural resources
- Healthcare/education-skilled and health workforce
-Export processing zones: to stimulate cheap mass manufacturing
- TNCs- low labour costs
Environmental issues
-social issues- education and health care cost now/ low pay
- Migration - overcrowding in urban areas
- -India
-Bangalore: outsourcing high tech TNCs (education, skill, language)
- Poverty gap between rich and poor - low wage poor treatment of many
- Rural areas suffer - cheaper food imports
- Losers
Anmerkungen:
- Africa
- Dept
OPEC money-western banks - development projects in Africa - 1980s interest rates rise - dept/interest repayment - IMF structural adjustment packages (SAP) - No credit for countries + govt spending cuts - less for education and health - farmers use marginal land - drought
- - Zambia
Copper - price fall - dept HDI fall
- Tanzania
Cotton - price fall - govt gets less tax - HDI fall
-Kenya
Dept- grow flowers for EU - drought - water diverted for flowers - food and water shortages
- Consequences of globalisation
Anmerkungen:
- Economic
+ 'Tiger economies' globalisation and TNCs bring wealth to poorer ploaces
+ FDI is encouraged - wealth to less developed countries and regions
- Manufacturing economies of Sheffield/ Manchester were decimated by globalisation
- Wealth is not evenly spread in these new economies. The income gap between rich and poor has often widened due to globalisation
- Environmental
+Migration can help host and source countrie
- Waste ends up as landfill, if it is not/cannot be recycled, although new EU rules are making it more expensive to dispose waste in this way
- Hidden costs of recycling paper/plastics shipped to China for recycling - more greenhouse gases - global demand for timber - deforestation-Oil pollution - shipping lanes- food miles and air miles
- Social
- Worker exploitation in sweatshops. Yonkkang, the 'dismemberant capital' of China- Trade blocs, EU can help trade in the bloc but increase tariffs for outside countries
- Cultural globalisation can submerge local culture
- Effects of globalisation on the UK
- social
Anmerkungen:
- -Hospital and nursing homes full inadequate
- housing shortages
Health problems- issues for NGO / NHS
- Solutions
late retirement, raise the pension age, private pensions
- Economic
Anmerkungen:
- - Depletion of labour force - burden on economically active
- Deterioration of economy
- cost of funding pensions and health
- Benefits
Grey pound, community and voluntary work, low crime
- How migration has changed the face of the EU
- Poland to UK
Anmerkungen:
- push
- Unemployment/ underemployment for skilled workers
- pull
-wages - low but better than POland
-Employment opportunity
- Positives
Ageing pop - workers, work ethic, low skilled jobs
negatives
Public services, racial tension
- Britons to Spain
Anmerkungen:
- push
-Weather, lifestyle, cost of living
- pull
weather lifestyle property price, taxes and bills lower
- fewer obstacles
- low cost of air travel road building in Spain , internet etc.
However
lack of care for elderly, cost of health care high, isolated aging communities, coastal development - beauty, currency also property price for local rises
- Lees model of migration
- source
Anmerkungen:
- benefits
Natural increase slows as young adults leave, slightly less pressure on resources, remittance sent back, return migrants bring skills and money to invest
- costs
Population becomes older, fewer people to develop countries resources, loss of skilled workers, 'Westernisation' of returnees, diminished cultural variation
- Host
Anmerkungen:
- Benefits
Demographic replacement for declining population , human resources enhanced, labour forces needed, pay taxes, multi cultural society
- costs
racial/social tension, gender concentrations, increased pressure on resources unless their contribution to the economy raises the living standard, social support if unemployed, educational demands, exploited labour
- Urbanisation
- London UK
Anmerkungen:
- Largely rural population>
urbanisation>
Suburbanisation>
Counter Urbanisation>
Re urbanisation>
- Migrants: will first locate to the inner city (more affordable housing, already established ethnic communities, proximity to employment opportunities)
- Gentrification: Restoration of run down urban area by the middle class can result in the displacement of low-income residents. Docklands
- Mumbai, India
Anmerkungen:
- economy depends on out-sourced work, city is also home to Bollywood, London and Mumbai are linked via global networks> flows of migration and investment
Slums on urban fringes and city centre> areas where new comers live> close to jobs/no otherland available. Rich often confined> apartments in CBD surrounded by poverty
- growth> Dharavi slums, informal work, poor conditions>congestion, pollution, water problems
- Vision Mumbai> sustainable future, housing, infrastructure, economy, government, transport, BUT Dharavi slum, cleared (provides much informal work, recycling and small businesses , and is sustainable
- success> jobs in special special export zones, services (finance, health, entertain) construction, retail, attract FDI, skills and services, middle class, Navi Mumbai
- McDonaldsTNC
Anmerkungen:
- Found in 119 countries
serves nearly 47 million people everyday
has 31,000 restaurants worldwide
employs 1.5 million people
- glocalistation
is the concept of changing certain aspects to suit the certain culture
McDonalds have changed their menus and toys to suit their different countries culture
- Portugal
is the only country with McDonald's restaurant serving country
- Positives
McDonalds make a scheme to reduce their carbon footprint
Vegetable grease is recycled and converted into fuel
Uses recycled materials for packaging
Opened Green restaurants in Chicago
reduced the amount of packaging
High standards of hygene
Get coffee beans from ethical suppliers
- negatives
Discarding of food and packaging contributes to urban litter
Soya is supplied from a company called Cargill. They have been accused of destroying the rainforest
factories, in China and Vietnam use sweat shop labour and poor environmental records
- Intergration
Anmerkungen:
- Economies of scale
Companies expand production to increase efficiency and reduce production costs
- economic reasons
overseas investment to avoid labour and environmental regulations to keep production costs low
- Mobility
Cheaper and faster travel, as well as improving technology and communication systems.
- horizontal
Anmerkungen:
- By buying and taking over the competition
- Vertical
Anmerkungen:
- By controlling and owning every stage of production from primary to quaternary industries.