Nutrition

Nutrition

Nutrition is the study of nutrients in food and how the body uses them to keep us healthy
Proteins
1. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
2. only nutrient which contains nitrogen which is responsible for growth
3. Amino acids - chemical composition which the elements of protein are arranged in small units
  1. Held together by peptide links which break down during digestion
    1. In order for protein to be absorbed into the blood
4. Growth of body cells
5. Repair of damaged cells
6. Heat and energy production only after the other two have been completed
7. Production of important body chemicals such as hormones and enzymes and antibodies
8. 1g of protein for each kg of body weight
9. Sources of protein
  1. HBV Protein
    1. eggs
    2. cheese
    3. fish
    4. chicken
    5. milk
    6. meat
    7. soya beans
  2. LBV Protein
    1. potatoes
    2. pulses - peas,beans
    3. bread
    4. oats
Carbohydrates
1. many carbohydrates are a plentiful supply of energy
2. They are generally processed or refined during manufacturing which is where the grain is stripped of it's nutrients and additives and preserveatives are added
  1. These additives make up for the lost nutrients but they are chemicals so you will most likely get cancer or die if you eat white bread every day
3. Try to eat unrefined grains such as brown bread,brown rice etc.
4. The basic unit of a carb is glucose.
  1. Glucose is sugar
    1. Sugar is bad for you
      1. you will have a shorter life expectancy if your diet consists of mainly carbohydrates
        Who cares we're all gonna die anyway
        I must have skipped out on the desire to survive gene which is in most humans
5. CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY EXTRA HEAT AND ENERGY
6. EXCESS CARBOHYDRATES IF STORED AS FAT WHICH HELPS TO INSULATE THE BODY
Fats/oils(lipids)
1. Eating too much fat can lead to obesity
2. Fats come from animals,are solid and have high levels of cholesterol
  1. Saturated
  2. Meat,milk,egg,cheese
3. Oils come from plants,are liquid and contain no cholesterol
  1. Unsaturated
  2. Pulses,cereals,nuts + fish
4. Lipids is just the overall term used for Fats and Oils BUT they are two different things
5. carbon hydrogen oxygen
6. Functions
  1. Concentrated source of heat and energy
  2. protect delicate organs - the kidneys
  3. Prevent heat loss by forming an insulating layer in the skin
  4. source of fat-soluble vitamins - A,D/E and K
  5. Gives the feeling of fullness for longer as fats stay longest in the stomach
7. 30% of all our energy should come from Lipids
  1. 10% saturated 20% unsaturated
8. Lipids have more carbons which mean they give us twice as much heat + energy than carbs or protein
Water
1. Hydrogen and oxygen 2:1
2. colourless,odourless,tasteless,
3. boils at 100*C and freezes at 0*C
4. Dissolves sugar and salt easily
5. 70% of the body is made up of water
  1. Main part in every cell
6. Cannot survive for more than 72 hours without water
7. Lose about 2 litres of water each day
  1. urine and perpiration
8. Functions of water
  1. Essential part of all body tissues
  2. major part of all body fluids - blood,saliva,digestive juices
  3. Transports important substances
  4. Helps digestion and absorption
  5. Assists removal of waste - kidneys filter urine from the blood
  6. Helps control body temperature through perspiration and evaporation from the skin.
Dietary Fibre
1. Dietary fibre helps move food through the intestines;this prevents bowel disease
2. It is found in the skins of fruit and vegetables and in the husks of grain
3. The average person needs 30g of dietary fibre each day

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