CHEMISTRY Y7 - Particles & Solutions

Seperating Mixtures
1. Chromatography
  1. Separates different coloured substances - others are more soluble and travel further up the paper
2. Distillation
  1. Separates 2 liquids or liquid from a solution - liquid with highest boiling point evaporates then condenses into another beaker
3. Filtration
  1. Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid - liquid is the filtrate and the solid is the residue
4. Evaporation
  1. Separates a soluble solid from a liquid - liquid evaporates at a certain temperature and the result is the solid
Solvents & Solutions
1. Solvent
  1. A liquid substance in which a solute dissolves into
2. Solute
  1. A solid substance that dissolves into a solvent
3. Solution
  1. A mixture formed when a solute has dissolved into a solvent
4. Soluble
  1. Describes a substance that will dissolve
5. Insoluble
  1. Describes a substance that will not dissolve
6. Saturated
  1. A solution in which no more solvent can be dissolved
States of Matter
1. Solid
  2. > Regular Arrangement > Vibrate in a fixed position > Very close (cannot be compressed) > Strong bonds
2. Liquid
  2. > Random Arrangement > Move around (can flow) > Close (cannot be compressed) > Weak bonds
3. Gas
  2. > Random Arrangement > Move quickly in all directions > Far apart(can be compressed) > No bonds
4. Changes of State
  1. Losing Energy
    1. Condensing: Gas to Liquid
      1. Stop moving quickly in all directions can only move around eachother
    2. Freezing: Liquid to Solid
      1. Stop moving around eachother and only vibrate on the spot
  2. Gaining Energy
    1. Melting: Solid to Liquid
      1. Start moving around eachother
    2. Evaporating/ Boiling: Liquid to Gas
      1. Start moving quickly in all directions
Atoms, Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
1. Atoms
  1. Atoms are an example of composite particles and are composed 3 sub-particles: electrons, protons, neutrons.
    1. They are like tiny balls
2. Elements
  1. Atoms in a particular element are always the same as eachother
    1. Atoms in an element which are chemically joined are named molecules
      1. Oxygen Molecule: 2 oxygen atoms chemically joined
      2. Helium: Made of pure helium atoms
3. Compounds
  1. Compounds contains atoms of 2+ more different elements that are chemically joined
    1. 1. Water Molecule of compound: 1 oxygen & 2 hydrogen atoms chemically joined
4. Mixtures
  1. Mixtures contain 2+ more different elements or compounds that are not chemically joined together
    1. 1. Mixture of Elements
    2. 1. Mixture of Compounds
    3. 1. Mixture of Elements & Compounds
Density
1. Measure of Compactness
2. Density (g/cm3) = mass / volume
3. Solid
  1. High Density - tightly packed
4. Liquid
  1. Slightly High Density - close together
5. Gas
  1. Low Density - far apart
6. Floating
  1. When object is less dense than liquid
7. Sinking
  1. When object is more dense than liquid
1. Cooling Curve

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CHEMISTRY Y7 - Particles & Solutions

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