Coastal Management

Hard Engineering
1. Hard Engineering: This involves building structures to protect the cliffs
2. Examples of Hard Engineering
  1. Sea Walls
    1. Advantages
      1. They protect the area behind the wall
      2. This prevents flooding by reflecting the waves away
    2. Disadvantages
      1. They can be very expensive to make and repair
      2. When the waves bounce off they scour the beach and remove the materials
      3. They can look very ugly causing people to not visit the area
  2. Rock Armour
    1. Advantages
      1. The large boulders absorb the wave energy and reduce the power of the waves
    2. Disadvantage
      1. Stronger waves can move or undermine the boulders, making them inaffective
      2. they can look very ugly causing people not to visit the area
  3. Groynes
    1. Advantages
      1. These help to stop longshore drift
      2. They trap sediment and build up the beach
    2. Disadvantages
      1. May create problems elsewhere because they starve beaches further down of sediments
Soft Engineering
1. Soft Engineering: This involves working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas.
2. Beach Nourishment
  1. Advantages
    1. Doing this creates lots of new habitats
    2. Land nearby becomes a marsh, slowing waves and reducing erosion
  2. Disadvantages
    1. Land is lost due to flooding
3. Managed Retreat
  1. Advantages
    1. Adding more sand and shingle to the beach widens it and the waves
    2. It all looks natural because no concrete is used
  2. Disadvantages
    1. Doesn't last very long as it just gets washed away again

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Coastal Management

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