99786
The restless earth
- Structure of the earth
- Inner core
- Solid (iron and nickel)
- Solid (iron and nickel)
- Outer core
- Liquid (iron and nickel)
- Liquid (iron and nickel)
- Mantle
- The dense, mostly solid
layer between the outer
core and crust (plastic)
- The dense, mostly solid
layer between the outer
core and crust (plastic)
- Crust
- Continental
- Older, mostly
1,500,000,000
- Less dense
- Can't sink
- Cannot
be
renewed
or
destroyed
- Mainly
granite
- 35%
surface
- Older, mostly
1,500,000,000
- Oceanic
- Newer, most less than 20,000,000yrs
- Denser
- Can sink
- Can be renewed/destroyed
- Mainly basalt
- 60% earth's surface
- Newer, most less than 20,000,000yrs
- Continental
- Inner core
- Plate margins
- Destructive
- Subduction
- One sinks under another
- Pacific + Indo-Australian
- One sinks under another
- Collision
- Two continental
push into each other
- Eurasian + African
- Two continental
push into each other
- Subduction
- Constructive
- Two plates move away from each other
- South American + African
- Two plates move away from each other
- Conservative
- Two plates
slide alongside
each other
- Pacific +
North
American
- Two plates
slide alongside
each other
- Destructive
- Volcanoes
- Composite
- Eruptions
infrequent but
often violent
- Steep
slopes
and
narrow
base
- Secondary
cones and
layers of
thick lava
and ash
- Destructive plate boundaries
- Eruptions
infrequent but
often violent
- Shield
- Low,
rounded
peak
- Wide
base
and
gentle
slopes
- Layers of runny
lava, little ash
- Constructive plate boundaries
- Eruptions frequent and not violent
- Low,
rounded
peak
- Composite
- Supervolcanoes
- A mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1000km3
of material. (Mt. St. Helens only erupted 1Km3)
- Large depressions called calderas often marked by a rim of higher land around the edges
- 1) Rising
magma cannot
escape and a
large bulge
appears on the
surface
- 2) Cracks
appear in the
surface and gas
and ash erupt
from the magma
chamber
- 3) the magma
chamber
collapses,
forming a
depression
called a caldera
- 3) the magma
chamber
collapses,
forming a
depression
called a caldera
- 2) Cracks
appear in the
surface and gas
and ash erupt
from the magma
chamber
- Yellowstone effects
- National
- Destroy 10,000Km2 of land
- Kill 87,000 people
- Kill 87,000 people
- 15cm of ash would cover buildings within 1000Km and 1 in 3 die
- Ash would affect transport,
electricity, water and farming
- Lahars possible
- Lahars possible
- Ash would affect transport,
electricity, water and farming
- Destroy 10,000Km2 of land
- International
- UK would receive ash 5 days later
- Global climates would
change, crops would
fail and subsequently
many people would die
- Global climates would
change, crops would
fail and subsequently
many people would die
- UK would receive ash 5 days later
- National
- A mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1000km3
of material. (Mt. St. Helens only erupted 1Km3)
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