Spanish 2 Study Guide

The Imperfect Tense Is Used:1. To express habitual of repeated actions in the pastClue words: siempre, muchas veces, a menudo, todos los..., cada..., frecuentemente, generalmente, con frecuencia (or any expression that implies repetition)2. An action that was in progress in the pastOften appears with the preterite, which would be the interruption action.Ex) Jugaba al futbol cuando me rompi la pierna.3. Mental or emotional statesThis includes verbs related to thinking and to desires (pensar, creer, querer, etc.)4. Descriptions/background informationBroadcast of all categories and includes many things such as weather, age, time, physical description or conditions or anything that is not viewed an action and is more static.5. To describe simultaneous actions in the past

The Preterite Tense Used To:1. Express past events that are clearly completeEx) Comi un sandwich anoche.2. Refer to events that occurred at a specific point in the past(In addition to particular dates or times)Clue Words: anoche, ayer, el/la...pasado(a), una ve, etc.3. To narrate a series of actions in the past***Irregulars in the preterite have their own set of endings listed below. Note that NONE of these have accents.

Adverbs Many adverbs that end in -ly in English end in -mente in Spanish. To form this, start with the feminine form of the adjective then add -mente to the end. If the adjective does not have a feminine form then add -mente without making any changes. Ex) perfecto = perfectamenteregular = regularmente

CommandsAll commands follow same rule EXCEPT for affirmative tu commands.Rule:- start with yo in the present- drop the o- add the opposite vowel endingAR VERBS negative tu es Ud. e Uds. enER / IR VERBSnegative tu esUd. eUds. enIRREGULARSser: seas sea seanir: vayas vayas vayandar: des dé denestar: estés esté esténsaber: sepas sepa sepanPlacement of Pronouns (me, te, le, lo, se, nos)Positive Commands:-attached to the end of the affirmative commands - add an accent THREE syllables from the endEx) cómprelo / invítenmeNegative Commands: - attached in front of the commands- no accentsEx) No me compre / No me inviten *remember that negatives have the "no"Affirmative Tu Commands ExceptionsTo form an affirmative tu command, drop the "s" from the present tense. Pronouns will attach to the end.Ex) hablar = hablacomer = comevivir = viveIRREGULARS OF AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDSser - sé venir - vendecir - decirsalir - salhacer - haztener - tenir - veponer - pon*one way to remember it is by reciting them with a German accentsé ven di sal haz ten ve pon"Say Vin Diesel has ten weapons."

Por and ParaPor- movement through time and space (around, by, through, along, etc.)Caminamos por la ciudad.- duration of an actionEstudiamos por tres horas.- reason or motive for an actionNo podía ver por la lluvia.- object of searchFui a la tienda por leche.- be means of (transportation, communication, etc.)Hablo con min amigas por teléfono.- Exchange or substitutionPagué $50 por mis zapatos.Estoy enferma.Peudes trabajar por mi?Para- movement to a specific destinationViajamos para Panamá.- deadlineLa profesora quiere la tarea para el lunes.- purpose with noun (what something is used for)La copa es para el vino.-recipient Compré una bicicleta para mi hermano.-comparison or opinionJorge esy muy inteligente para un niño.-employmentTrabajan para Lutheran General.

Reciprocal ReflexivesUse "nos" or "se" and the verb in the corresponding nosotros or ellos, elas, Uds. form to express what epople do to or for each other.Ex) Nos escribimos.Ellos se hablan.

The Present Subjunctive1. begin with "yo" in the present2. drop the "o"3. add the appropriate endingsUsage***You must have 2 different subjects separated by que- desire- impersonal impressionEs . . . que . . .