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Frage 1
Frage
The vestibulo-ocular reflex...
Antworten
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1. Is slowed with lesions of the paramedian prepontine reticular formation
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2. Is mainly controlled by the basal ganglia
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3. Is inhibited by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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4. Stabilizes images of the environment on the fovea by compensating for brief head movements
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5. Changes images of the environment on the fovea
Frage 2
Frage
Question 2
Which of the following statements is correct?
More than 15% of the German population has been suffering or will suffer from major depression at some point in life. >25% in EU
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Among EU countries, there are significant differences in the prevalence of depressive disorders.
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Chronic depression is a very rare condition.
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In any given year, 3% of the EU population suffers from depressive disorders
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85% of major depressive episodes remit within 3 months
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More than 15% of the German population has been suffering or will suffer from major depression at some point in life
Frage 3
Frage
Which of the following statement is not correct regarding the aging memory system?
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Older adults often have trouble remembering details of events.
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Older adults show more bilateral activation in some brain regions (the HAROLD model) when performing memory tasks.
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Older adults cannot be trained to use memory strategy.
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Older adults tend to show higher rate of false memory than younger adults.
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Older adults show less activation in hippocampus when performing memory tasks.
Frage 4
Frage
Which of the following statements is not correct?
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The ability of patients (such as H.M.) to learn new motor tasks despite an anterograde amnesia has be taken as evidence for multiple memory systems.
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Declarative memory is representational, thus, it can be true or false.
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Declarative memory is expressed through performance, e.g. improvements in tasks like mirror drawing.
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Memory systems operate in parallel.
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Our memory is reconstructive, thus, it is influenced by our knowledge, experiences and expectations.
Frage 5
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Center-surround receptive fields are found in:
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1. Retina
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2. V1
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3. LGN and V1
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4. Retina, LGN, and V1
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5. Retina and LGN
Frage 6
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Which of the following statements is correct?
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1. Neurons in V1 are orientation selective but not direction selective.
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2. Neurons in V1 are direction selective but not orientation selective.
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3. Neurons in V1 are orientation selective and direction selective.
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4. Only V1 neurons that have a center-surround receptive field are orientation selective and direction selective.
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5. Only V1 neurons that have an On-Off receptive field are orientation selective and direction selective.
Frage 7
Frage
Smooth pursuit eye movements
Antworten
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stabilize images on the fovea by compensating for brief head movements
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are mainly controlled by the dorsal cerebellar vermis
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stabilize images of stationary objects on the fovea (Vestibulo-occulo reflex)
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are controlled by an extensive cortico-subcortical network
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are rarely impaired by cerebral lesions
Frage 8
Frage
Impaired inhibition of (unwanted) reflexive saccades is a sign of
Antworten
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1. Lesions affecting the frontal eye fields
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2. Vestibular disease
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3. Basal ganglia disorders
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4. Lesions affecting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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5. Cerebellar disease
Frage 9
Frage
Which of the following is wrong?
Saccadic slowing...
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Can be observed with centrally acting drugs
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Can be observed with fatigue
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Is correlated with activity of burst neurons
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Indicates dysfunction of the prepontine paramedian reticular formation
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Occasionally indicates dysfunction of the cerebellar vermis
Frage 10
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Which of the following statements are correct (as a combination) regarding the mechanisms through which the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) support episodic memory encoding and retrieval?
(more than one answer is correct)
Antworten
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MTL is related to binding and strengthening of the association of different features received from the neocortical association area.
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MTL is related to episodic encoding, but not retrieval
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Anterior PFC is related to the storage of the actual content of memory
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Ventrolateral PFC is related to the selection and semantic elaboration of task-relevant information during encoding
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Dorsolateral PFC is related to the monitoring of retrieved representations
Frage 11
Frage
Question 11
Spontaneous nystagmus is a sign of
Antworten
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1. Lesions affecting the frontal eye field
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2. Cerebellar disease
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3. Vestibular disease
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4. Paresis affecting the extra-ocular muscles
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5. Parkinson’s disease
Frage 12
Frage
Neural models of working memory assume that
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information is transferred to a particular storage site in the brain
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working memory performance is determined by the level of activation of relevant representations
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all individuals have the same working memory capacity (4 items)
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there is persistent activity only in prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the retention phase
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regions of the parietal cortex are not involved in the temporary retention of information
Frage 13
Frage
Which combination of the following statements is correct regarding the mechanisms through which the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) support episodic memory encoding and retrieval?
Antworten
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MTL is related to binding and strengthening of the association of different features received from the neocortical association area.
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MTL is related to episodic encoding, but not retrieval
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Anterior PFC is related to the storage of the actual content of memory
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Ventrolateral PFC is related to the selection and semantic elaboration of task-relevant information during encoding
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Dorsolateral PFC is related to the monitoring of retrieved representations
Frage 14
Frage
Central and peripheral vestibular disorders can be differentiated by
Antworten
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investigating gaze-evoked nystagmus
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investigating antisaccades
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performing a head-shaking nystagmus maneuver
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eliciting the VOR manually in the patient
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analyzing whether spontaneous nystagmus is suppressed by fixation or not
Frage 15
Frage
Conscious visual perception
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involves activation of the pineal gland
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can be thought of as a one-to-one mapping of the visual input in the human brain
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is independent of a priori knowledge and expectations
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is an active interpretive process that involves multiple processing stages in the human brain
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is best explained by a multistage feedforward process
Frage 16
Frage
Question 17
Irrepressible bursts of involuntary saccades ("ocular flutter / opsoclonus")
Antworten
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indicate dysfunction of the prepontine paramedian reticular formation
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occur with lesions affecting the oculomotor nuclei
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indicate dysfunction of omnipause neurons in the nucleus raphe interpositus
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occur with lesions affecting Brodmann's area 46 in the prefrontal cortex
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are a sign of frontal eye field dysfunction
Frage 17
Frage
Question 18
Dysfunction of the cerebellar vermis...
Antworten
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1. Causes slowing of saccades
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2. Prolongs saccadic reaction times
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3. Causes hypermetria of saccades
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4. Causes gaze-evoked nystagmus
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5. Causes ocular flutter
Frage 18
Frage
Which of the following statement is right?
The memory system that best captures our memory of basic facts and knowledge is:
Antworten
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Episodic memory
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Semantic memory
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Working memory
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Non-associative learning
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Procedural memory
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