Unit 5 Human Body Practice Exam

Male gametes are produced in the [blank_start]testes[blank_end] in structures called seminiferous tubules. From there, the sperm move into the [blank_start]epididymis[blank_end] where they become motile and are stored until sexual arousal causes them to move into the [blank_start]ductus deferens[blank_end]. A vasectomy involves litigating and cutting this structure, which prevents sperm from moving into the [blank_start]urethra[blank_end], which would carry the sperm out of the male body during ejaculation. If a male has not had a vasectomy, then during sex, sperm are ejaculated into the [blank_start]vagina[blank_end]. After this, they swim to the [blank_start]uterus[blank_end] and then are moved by contractions of the muscular wall of the female reproductive tract to the place where fertilization normally occurs. Female gametes are produced in the [blank_start]ovary[blank_end]. In response to changing hormone levels, an oocyte is ovulated and if all goes well, it gets drawn into the [blank_start]fallopian tube[blank_end]. Cilia lining the female reproductive tract move this oocyte (or developing embryo, if fertilization occurs) into the [blank_start]uterus[blank_end], where implantation should occur if the oocyte has been fertilized.

Match each term from the drop-down box with the correct phrase. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] All nutrients must cross this layer to get from the gut into the body 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Anchors the digestive tract to the body wall 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] This layer contains blood and lymphatic vessels that transport nutrients away from the digestive tract and to the liver for processing and distribution to the rest of the body 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Its main function is to propel food through the digestive tract

Match each term from the drop-down box with the correct phrase. Each term will be used only once, BUT not all terms will be used. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Secretion of this hormone causes the endometrial lining of the uterus to thicken in preparation for implantation of an embryo 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Present in a female’s body ONLY if she is pregnant; this is the hormone detected by home pregnancy tests 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Secreted by the testes; stimulates sperm production 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] A sudden large release of this hormone from the pituitary gland stimulates ovulation 5. [blank_start]_____[blank_end] Stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH

Estrogen is secreted either by follicles or the corpus luteum in the ovaries.

[blank_start]Estrogen[blank_end] is secreted eitehr by the follicles or the corpus luteum in the ovaries.

Mach each term from the drop-down box with the correct phrase. Each term will be used only once, BUT not all terms will be used. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Causes the burning, bad taste in your throat after you vomit 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Helps digest fats by breaking large droplets into smaller droplets 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Begins the process of carbohydrate digestion 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] About 9 litres of this goes into your digestive tract every day

Match each term from the drop-down box with the correct phrase. Each term will be used only once, BUT you will not use all terms. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Stores bile in between meals 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Secretes a wide variety of digestive enzymes capable of chemically digesting every major kind of macromolecule 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] The small intestine delivers its contents to this region 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Leads directly into the stomach – reflux of acid into this region causes ‘heartburn’ 5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produces bile 6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Food passes from the mouth into this region 7. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Mechanical and chemical digestion begins here 8. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Mixing waves move through this structure about 2-4 times each minute after you eat a meal

The small intestine is the only region of the digestive tract where defecation happens.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is released in the gallbladder, which helps kill bacteria and begins protein digestion by causing them to unfold.

The gallbladder can be removed from the body without serious negative consequences (ie, you can live a normal life without it and removing it will not cause you to die).

Pepsin begins the process of protein digestion.

Match each term from the drop-down box with the correct phrase. Each term will be used only once, and ALL terms will be used. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] The location where fertilization normally occurs 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Sperm must penetrate a layer of mucus lining this structure in order to make it to the place where an oocyte might be ready for fertilization 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Oocytes are stored here prior to puberty 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Sperm are deposited here during sexual intercourse 5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] This structure is lined with endometrium, part of which is shed at the beginning of each 28 day female reproductive cycle

If fertilization occurs, the embryo normally implants in the [blank_start]uterus[blank_end].

Select the following which are characteristics of the SMALL INTESTINE:

Select the following which are true statements about the LARGE INTESTINE:

Drag and drop the appropriate layer name to each layer of the gut wall, with "1" indicating the innermost layer (facing the lumen, or inside the gut) and "4" indicating the outermost layer.

Match the appropriate term with the appropriate function regarding layers of the gut wall. Each function will only be used ONCE. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Anchor to the surrounding tissues 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Secretion/absorption 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Propulsion of food/chyme through gut 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Contains blood vessels that carry away absorbed nutrients

Which of the following is the most likely result of hyperovulation?

Absorption is the process by which nutrients are moved into the body from the gastrointestinal tract.

Celiac disease is typically caused by a bacterium.

Place the structures in a list of smallest (S), medium (M), and largest (L). [blank_start]__________[blank_end], [blank_start]__________[blank_end], [blank_start]__________[blank_end]

Segmentation is the process by which food is propelled through the digestive tract by alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle.

After a meal, the stomach is filled with [blank_start]chyme[blank_end], which is a mixture of [blank_start]gastric juice[blank_end] and partially digested food.

The corpeus luteum develops in the [blank_start]ovary[blank_end] from the [blank_start]ruptured follicle[blank_end].

Ovulation usually occurs on about day ____ of a 28-day reproductive cycle.

Male gametes are haploid, whereas female gametes are diploid.

Ovulation involves

Human gametes are produced by the process of meiosis.

The beginning of the chemical digestion of proteins begins in the

Bile is stored in the [blank_start]gallbladder[blank_end], and its function is to [blank_start]mechanically break down lipids[blank_end].

[blank_start]Just after fertilization by a sperm cell[blank_end], a female oocyte finishes the 2nd meiotic division to produce a mature oocyte (or ovum).

The acrosome of a sperm cell

Select the following TRUE statements about endometriosis

In vitro fertilization is more likely to result in identical twins than natural conception.

What is the most important region of the digestive tract for CHEMICAL digestion and absorption?

What region of the digestive tract does NOT perform mechanical processing of materials moving through it?

When digested, proteins are broken down into [blank_start]amino acids[blank_end].

If pregnancy does occur, the embryo begins to secrete [blank_start]human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)[blank_end], which maintains the corpus luteum as a(n) [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end]-secreting structure.

Celiac disease results due to damage in the intestinal villi in response to improper digestion of a protein in wheat products.

Menstruation involves

For a sperm to fertilize an egg (oocyte), a sperm must release enzymes to digest the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte.

Label the following structures in the reproductive tract.

Label the structures for the male reproductive tract.

Select the following structure(s) where sperm are produced:

Sperm are stored in the [blank_start]epididymis[blank_end] to mature, and they leave this location during sexual arousal.

This is a structure that produces part of the fluid in semen; inflammation or a tumor in this structure can cause difficulty urinating.

The [blank_start]vas (ductus) deferens[blank_end] would be ligated (tied) and cut during a vasectomy.

Fill in the table below to describe the hormonal regulation of reproduction in males and females.

Label all structures in the female reproductive tract.

Although protein digestion begins in the stomach, pancreatic enzymes break the final polypeptide chains into [blank_start]amino acids[blank_end].

Select the following macromolecules which go directly from the lumen of the small intestine to the epithelial cells of the intestine and on through to the blood stream.

Another name for the alimentary canal is the [blank_start]gastrointestinal tract[blank_end].

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that specifically targets

Malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter may result in

Once food leaves the mouth, it goes from the pharynx to the esophagus, then from the stomach to the small intestine, then to the large intestine, through the rectum, and out the anus.

The gastrointestinal tract is composed of

Which major digestive process involves nutrient molecules passing across the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph?

The cervix transports the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus.

The myometrium contracts during labor and childbirth.

If the pathway from the uterus to the oviduct is blocked

Which two means of birth control are most similar in the way that they prevent pregnancy?

The corpus luteum produces the hormones that will support the early pregnancy.

Secretion is the movement of substances from the kidney tubules into the blood.

Select the following which is/are reabsorbed from filtrate:

The most abundant solute in urine is [blank_start]urea (and other nitrogenous wastes)[blank_end].

An ectopic pregnancy is a generalized term for any pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants in the wrong place.

A rapid increase in the [blank_start]luteinizing hormon[blank_end]e level stimulates ovulation.

By secreting [blank_start]estrogen and progesterone[blank_end], the corpus luteum maintains the endometrium and inhibits [blank_start]FSH and LH[blank_end] secretion.

Developing ovarian follicles primarily secrete [blank_start]estrogens[blank_end].

If there is fertilization, secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by the early embryo maintains the corpus luteum.

The usual site of fertilization of an egg cell is in the vagina.

When the follicle ruptures, the oocyte is released, and the ruptured follicle then develops into the corpus luteum.

In both the males and females, the urethra and the urinary bladder both share functions in the urinary system as well as the reproductive tract.

The uterus is muscular, hollow, and about the size of a fist.

Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are all digested within the small intestine.

The hepatic portal system delivers nutrient-rich blood from the [blank_start]GI tract[blank_end] to the [blank_start]liver[blank_end].

Bile assists in the chemical digestion of triglycerides by

Which of the following is/are absorbed into capillaries?

When digested, fats are broken down into

Your small intestine can absorb [blank_start]fructoses[blank_end] without being further digested.

[blank_start]Salivary amylase[blank_end] begin(s) the breakdown of starch.

Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as [blank_start]maltose[blank_end].

The secretion of [blank_start]gastric juice[blank_end] by the [blank_start]stomach[blank_end] begins the digestion of proteins.

[blank_start]Water[blank_end] is the main component of gastric juice.

[blank_start]Bile[blank_end] is secreted by the [blank_start]liver[blank_end] and acts to emulsify [blank_start]fats[blank_end] in the [blank_start]small intestine[blank_end].

Carbonic acid is responsible for stomach acidity.

The epididymis is the site of sperm production.

Acrosomal enzymes break down the zona pellucida.

Select any of the following that is/are not accessory gland(s)

The urethra carries urine from the urinary bladder, through the penis, and out of the body.

If a male is taking anabolic steroids, testosterone production in the interstitial cells would increase.

Human gametes contain the [blank_start]haploid[blank_end] number of chromosomes.

Sperm become capable of movement while in the

Sperm exit the male's body via the urethra.

The secretion of androgens is regulated by a [blank_start]negative[blank_end] feedback mechanism involving the [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] and [blank_start]pituitary gland[blank_end].

Parathyroid hormone is directly responsible for triggering the development of the secondary sex characteristics of males, such as beard growth.

Which pituitary secretion stimulates sperm production?

From production to exiting the male body, the pathway of sperm will be: seminiferous tubules --> epididymis --> vas deferens --> ejaculatory duct --> urethra

A sperm with a defective acromosome would not be able to benetrate an egg.

Nephrons are the smallest functional part of the urinary system.