Clinical Pathoanatomy MCQs (Q 151-250)

Beschreibung

Quiz on MCQs in Clinical Pathology - 4th year PMU (Q 151-250), created by Ore iyanda on 16/01/2018.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The most frequent form of primary glomerular disease in children is
Antworten
  • Minimal change disease
  • Acute glomeruonephritis

Frage 2

Frage
Hyperfunction of anterior pituitary in pre-pubertal children generally can result in
Antworten
  • Acromegaly
  • Gigantism

Frage 3

Frage
The role of external radiation in the etiology of thyroid cancer is predominant in
Antworten
  • Papillary carcinoma
  • Follicular carcinoma

Frage 4

Frage
The following type of carcinoma of the breast is characterised by 'Indian file' pattern of tumour cells
Antworten
  • Infiltrating distal carcinoma
  • Invasive lobular carcinoma

Frage 5

Frage
Prostatic hyperplasia affects most often
Antworten
  • Peripheral prostate
  • Periurethral prostate

Frage 6

Frage
Which criteria refer to pernicious anaemia
Antworten
  • Low serum B12
  • Megaloblastic anaemia
  • Antibody against internal factor of Castle
  • Gastric parietal cell antibody

Frage 7

Frage
Which of the following tumours have association with occupational exposure to asbestosis?
Antworten
  • Silicosis
  • Malignant mesothelioma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Laryngeal carcinoma

Frage 8

Frage
Which of the following features characterise ulcerative colitis, except
Antworten
  • Formation of crypt abscess and cryptitis
  • Superficial mucosal ulceration
  • Depletion of goblet cells and mucus
  • Stricture formation in chronic cases

Frage 9

Frage
Philadelphia chromosome is characterised by
Antworten
  • Translocation (8;14)
  • Translocation (9;22)
  • Translocation (22;9)
  • Translocation (14;8)

Frage 10

Frage
Which of the following are included in classic Hodgkin's disease
Antworten
  • Histiocytic fibrosis
  • Lymphocytic depletion
  • Mixed cellularity
  • Nodular sclerosis

Frage 11

Frage
Pulseless disease is
Antworten
  • Temporal arteritis
  • Kawasaki's disease
  • Takayasu arteritis
  • Buerger's disease

Frage 12

Frage
The morphological variants of diagnostic cells in Hodgkin's disease are
Antworten
  • Cells with bilobed nucleus appearing as mirror image
  • Megaloblastic cells
  • Lacunar type cell
  • Large cleaved cells

Frage 13

Frage
Crohn's disease is characterised by the following histopathologic features
Antworten
  • Non-caseating sarcoid like granulomas
  • Deep transmural ulceration
  • Multiple abscesses
  • Pseudopolyps

Frage 14

Frage
According to monoclonal atherosclerosis hypothesis, the primary event in atherosclerosis is
Antworten
  • Monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells
  • Monoclonal proliferation of smooth muscle cells
  • Monoclonal proliferation of monocytes
  • Monoclonal proliferation of foam cells

Frage 15

Frage
Barrett's oesophagus is
Antworten
  • Congenital anomaly
  • Inflammatory disease
  • Metaplastic process
  • Neoplastic lesion

Frage 16

Frage
The most common site of involvement of atherosclerosis aneurysm is
Antworten
  • Arch of aorta
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Suprarenal part of abdominal aorta
  • Infrarenal part of abdominal aorta

Frage 17

Frage
The following histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma have strong association with cigarette smoking except
Antworten
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Small cell carcinoma
  • Large cell carcinoma
  • Adenocarcinoma

Frage 18

Frage
The most important and common complicated atheromatous lesion in the coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction is
Antworten
  • Calcification
  • Coronary artery thrombosis
  • Aneurysm
  • Ulceration

Frage 19

Frage
In hypertensive heart disease left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated with
Antworten
  • Duration of hypertension
  • Severity of hypertension
  • Cause of hypertension
  • Severity of coronary atherosclerosis

Frage 20

Frage
The most common causative agent for lobar pneumonia is
Antworten
  • Staphylococci
  • Streptococci
  • Pneumococci
  • Haemophilus

Frage 21

Frage
The common complications of gastric ulcer are
Antworten
  • Penetration
  • Pneumonia
  • Haemorrhage
  • Perforation

Frage 22

Frage
What complication can occur due to atherosclerosis of femoral artery?
Antworten
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Gangrene
  • Pulmonary thromboembolism

Frage 23

Frage
Which of the following types of acute viral hepatitis become chronic hepatitis?
Antworten
  • Type A
  • Type B
  • Type C
  • All the three answers are correct

Frage 24

Frage
Nephrotic syndrome develops in
Antworten
  • Urine retention
  • Acute renal failure
  • Acute pyelonephritis
  • Glomerulonephritis

Frage 25

Frage
The infection which leads to pyelonephritis may be a result of
Antworten
  • Hematogenous dissemination
  • Ascending dissemination
  • Immune conflict
  • As a complication of glomerulonephritis

Frage 26

Frage
Which of the following diseases does not lead to nephrosclerosis?
Antworten
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Gout

Frage 27

Frage
Squamous cell carcinoma is a common tumour in the
Antworten
  • Uterine body
  • Ovaries
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Uterine cervix

Frage 28

Frage
Which of the morphological methods are used for subtyping lymphomas?
Antworten
  • Van Gieson staining
  • PAS
  • Von Kossa staining
  • Immunohistochemistry

Frage 29

Frage
Which of the following complications can develop in pulmonary carcinoma?
Antworten
  • Mantle pneumonia
  • Brown induration of lungs
  • Empyema
  • Massive haemorrhage

Frage 30

Frage
Determine the pathological process in the lung emphysema, having in mind the microscopic appearance - a focus of necrosis, detritus, leukocytes and macrophages
Antworten
  • Acute pulmonary abscess
  • Chronic pulmonary abscess
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Lung cancer in decay

Frage 31

Frage
What disease is endometriosis?
Antworten
  • Inflammation of the uterine mucosa
  • Inflammation of the uterine cervix
  • Dishormonal disease
  • Tumour

Frage 32

Frage
Point out the characteristic macroscopic changes of chronic obstructive emphysema
Antworten
  • Decreased in size lungs, collapsed to the hilum
  • Lungs with increased volume
  • Thick consistency of the lungs
  • Reduced elasticity and soft consistency

Frage 33

Frage
Gynecomastia is a disease of
Antworten
  • Breast in women
  • Ovaries
  • Male breast
  • Testes

Frage 34

Frage
What is typical for the first stage of syphilis?
Antworten
  • Siphilides
  • Ulcus durum
  • Gumma
  • Generalised lymphadenitis

Frage 35

Frage
For tuberculous meningitis the following histological changes are typical
Antworten
  • Purulent infiltration in the meninges
  • Endarteriitis obliterans
  • Granulomatous inflammation
  • Caseous necrosis

Frage 36

Frage
Why are occupational diseases named pneumoconiosis?
Antworten
  • Cor hypertonicum
  • Disease of the lungs associated with mineral dust inhalation
  • Pneumonia
  • Infection of the bronchial wall and lung parenchyma

Frage 37

Frage
Which of the following factors play a role in the development of bronchial carcinoma?
Antworten
  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Smoking
  • Influenza
  • Work/environmental factors

Frage 38

Frage
What is the exudate in the pleural cavity and pericardial sac due to lymphatic spread of pulmonary carcinoma into them?
Antworten
  • Fibrinous
  • Serious
  • Haemorrhagic
  • Purulent

Frage 39

Frage
What forms of silicosis do you know?
Antworten
  • Nodular
  • Diffuse-sclerotic
  • Senile
  • Combination of a and b (Nodular & Diffuse-sclerotic)

Frage 40

Frage
Apically located peripheral pulmonary carcinoma is represented by the eponym
Antworten
  • Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome
  • Pancoast-Tobias
  • Ptosis and miosis
  • Enophthalmus

Frage 41

Frage
Which diseases complicate silicosis?
Antworten
  • Cor hypertonicum
  • Cor pulmonale chronicum
  • Tuberculosis
  • Pneumofibrosis

Frage 42

Frage
Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome includes the following
Antworten
  • Ptosis, midriasis, anhydrosis
  • Ptosis, miosis, increased sweating
  • Ptosis, miosis, pseudoenophthalmus
  • Anhydrosis

Frage 43

Frage
What possible gross changes do we see in lung carcinoma?
Antworten
  • Pneumonia-like form
  • ill-defined central node connected to a bronchus
  • Linitis plastic
  • Peripheral ill-defined node

Frage 44

Frage
Chronic bronchitis is usually accompanied by
Antworten
  • Squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
  • Phases of purulent inflammation
  • Productive cough for at least 2 months/year for 3 consecutive years
  • Productive cough for at least 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years

Frage 45

Frage
Squamous cell lung carcinoma occurs
Antworten
  • In the middle lobe of the left lung
  • After squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi
  • As an ill-defined node connected to a bronchus
  • Forming nests of Tumour cells producing keratin

Frage 46

Frage
In small cell lung carcinoma we can observe
Antworten
  • Numerous Tumour cells with scant stroma
  • The tumour cells resemble oat-grains
  • It grows in a pneumonia-like fashion
  • The tumour cells have very high proliferative rate

Frage 47

Frage
Bronchio-alveolar pulmonary carcinoma is characterised by
Antworten
  • Forms papillary folds into the alveolar lumen
  • It is a form of squamous cell carcinoma
  • The cells produce keratin
  • It is a form of adenocarcinoma

Frage 48

Frage
Hodgkin lymphoma has
Antworten
  • Five histological variants
  • Hodgkin cells
  • Reed-Sternberg cells
  • Polyclonal inflammatory background

Frage 49

Frage
In Hodgkin lymphoma we can observe
Antworten
  • Effaced lymph node structure
  • Nodular sclerosis histological form
  • Mixed cellularity histological form
  • Chronic myeloleukemia

Frage 50

Frage
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be
Antworten
  • Nodal
  • B-cell and T-cell types
  • Extranodal
  • None of the above

Frage 51

Frage
In chronic lympholeukemia in the liver can be seen
Antworten
  • Myeloblasts
  • Mature lymphocytes and single lymphoblasts
  • Focal leukemic infiltrates in the portal spaces
  • Leukemic infiltrates in the sinusoids

Frage 52

Frage
Chronic myeloleukemia causes the following changes in liver
Antworten
  • Effaced lobular structure
  • Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of hepatocytes
  • Atrophy of hepatocytes
  • Leukaemic infiltrates in the sinusoids

Frage 53

Frage
In chronic myeloleukemia we observe the following
Antworten
  • Long remissions even without treatment
  • Extreme hepato-splenomegaly
  • Anemia, hemorrhages, infections
  • Splenic infarctions

Frage 54

Frage
Which are the clinical phases of chronic myeloleukemia?
Antworten
  • Chronic stable phase
  • Accelerated phase
  • Blast crisis
  • None of the above

Frage 55

Frage
In Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed cellularity type
Antworten
  • There can be seen numerous eosinophils
  • We can observe area with necrosis
  • Intact histological lymph nose structure
  • Giant bi-uncleared cells, called 'mirror image'

Frage 56

Frage
Plasmocytoma has the following features
Antworten
  • Reed-Sternberg Tumour cells
  • Jelly-like raspberry red osteolytic bone lesion
  • The tumour cells have a large vacuolar nucleus with prominent nucleolus
  • The tumour cells have a round eccentric nucleus with a pale halo around it

Frage 57

Frage
Which of the following are examples of pathological processes in the oral cavity that can have an effect of internal organs?
Antworten
  • Scarlet fever
  • Peritonsilar abscess
  • Epilus
  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma

Frage 58

Frage
Which avitaminoses can be associated with changes in the oral cavity?
Antworten
  • Vit. B6
  • Vit. B12
  • Vit. D
  • None of the above

Frage 59

Frage
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause the following changes in the oral cavity
Antworten
  • Glossomegaly
  • Hunter's tongue (atrophic gastritis)
  • Geographic tongue
  • Fibrinous gingivitis

Frage 60

Frage
What type of examination will you suggest to your patient if you diagnose him/her with atrophic glossitis (Hunter's tongue)?
Antworten
  • Colonoscopy
  • Dermatoscopy
  • Gastroscopy
  • Hysteroscopy

Frage 61

Frage
If a patient with atrophic glossitis is examined with gastroscopy, what can be the findings in gastric mucosa?
Antworten
  • Menetrier's disease
  • Atrophic autoimmune gastritis
  • Acute fibrinous gastritis
  • None of the above

Frage 62

Frage
The risk of which disease does atrophic autoimmune gastritis carry?
Antworten
  • Acute gastritis
  • Atrophy of the colonic mucosa
  • Rectal cancer
  • Gastric cancer

Frage 63

Frage
What are the usual changes in leukoplakia?
Antworten
  • The epithelium is hyperkeratotic
  • Acanthosis in the epithelium
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Dysplasia in the epithelium can be observed

Frage 64

Frage
What can we observe in leukoplakia?
Antworten
  • Parakeratosis
  • Dysplasia
  • Carcinoma in situ
  • Diabetes

Frage 65

Frage
Which of the following is true of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Antworten
  • It is a benign tumour
  • It contains hyperplastic fatty tissue
  • It is firm and Lobulated
  • It is painful and inflamed

Frage 66

Frage
In chronic tonsillitis we can observe the following
Antworten
  • Purulent exudate
  • Hypertrophic tonsillitis
  • Atrophic tonsillitis
  • It is a predisposing factor for the formation of epilus

Frage 67

Frage
The typical histological picture of epilus includes
Antworten
  • Langhans giant multinuclear cells
  • Fresh haemorrhages and hemosiderin
  • Osteoclast-type multinuclear giant cells
  • It is a true tumour

Frage 68

Frage
Adamantinoma (amelloblastoma) is
Antworten
  • A true tumour
  • An odontogenic tumour
  • When compressed the sound is described as flapping wings
  • When it is compressed the sound is described as eggshell cracking

Frage 69

Frage
Why is it necessary to comment on the presence or absence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies?
Antworten
  • H.pylori is a risk factor for MALT lymphoma
  • H.pylori is a risk factor for duodenal cancer
  • H.pylori causes chronic gastritis
  • H.pylori is a severe fungal infection

Frage 70

Frage
Which of the following are possible complications of chronic gastric ulcer?
Antworten
  • Penetration in the diaphragm
  • Perforation
  • Pyloric stenosis
  • Massive haemorrhage

Frage 71

Frage
Which special stain help us determine the presence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies?
Antworten
  • Van Gieson
  • Giemsa
  • Congo Red
  • Immunohistochemistry

Frage 72

Frage
The following changes can be observed in acute duodenal ulcer
Antworten
  • Fibrinoid necrosis at the ulcer base
  • Inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and plasma cells
  • Ulceration penetrating through muscularis mucosae, reaching muscularis propria
  • It often undergoes malignant transformation

Frage 73

Frage
What histological types of gastric cancer do you recognise?
Antworten
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Signet-ring cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Mucinous adenocarcinoma

Frage 74

Frage
In phlegmonous appendicitis we can observe the following
Antworten
  • Peri-appendicitis
  • Lymphocyte infiltration in the mucosa
  • Neutrophilic infiltration throughout the thickness of the wall of the appendix
  • Constriction of the blood vessels of the serosa

Frage 75

Frage
Phlegmonous appendicitis is characterised by
Antworten
  • Purulent exudate in the lumen
  • Hypoplasia of the lymph follicles
  • Hyperplastic activated lymph follicles
  • Hyperemic blood vessels of the serosa

Frage 76

Frage
Gangrenous appendicitis is characterised by
Antworten
  • Lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa
  • Thrombosis of blood vessels
  • Necrosis of the wall of the appendix
  • Severe inflammation through the wall of the appendix

Frage 77

Frage
What are the causes which may lead to micro-nodular liver cirrhosis?
Antworten
  • Acute viral hepatitis
  • Chronic viral hepatitis
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Chronic alcoholism

Frage 78

Frage
Which of the types of necrosis are found in chronic active hepatitis?
Antworten
  • Piece-meal necrosis
  • Adjacent necrosis
  • Bridging necrosis
  • Caseous necrosis

Frage 79

Frage
Why does the level of calcium in the blood has prognostic value in acute pancreatitis?
Antworten
  • Calcium is deposited in the bones
  • Calcium levels in the blood slower with the progression of steato-necrosis
  • Calcium reacts with fatty acids to form soaps
  • It has no prognostic value

Frage 80

Frage
Some of the gross features of acute pancreatitis are
Antworten
  • Enlarged liver
  • Steatonecrosis of the fatty tissue around and inside the pancreas
  • Haemorrhages in the tissues of the pancreas
  • Fibrosis in the tissues of the pancreas

Frage 81

Frage
What histological changes can be observed in chronic hepatitis?
Antworten
  • Chronic cholecystitis
  • Inflammatory infiltrates
  • Massive necrosis of hepatocytes
  • Fibrotic septa

Frage 82

Frage
Chronic cholecystitis is characterised by the following
Antworten
  • Often it is accompanied by cholelithiasis
  • It has no association with cholelithiasis
  • Can cause adhesions
  • It is caused by viral infection

Frage 83

Frage
Which is the following can be complications caused by chronic cholecystitis?
Antworten
  • Peritonitis
  • Obstruction of d.choledochus
  • Cholestasis
  • Pancreatitis

Frage 84

Frage
After consuming poisonous mushrooms, a patient shows signs of acute liver failure with progressive reduction of the size of the liver. What process has developed in the liver?
Antworten
  • Acute viral hepatitis
  • Massive hepatic necrosis
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • None of the above

Frage 85

Frage
After consuming poisonous mushrooms, a patient shows signs of acute liver failure with progressive reduction of the size of the liver. Besides liver failure, what other complication can worsen the patient's clinical condition?
Antworten
  • Left sided heart failure
  • Right sided heart failure
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Acute renal failure

Frage 86

Frage
Which of the following can occur after a streptococcal tonsillitis?
Antworten
  • Post-infectious cholecystitis
  • Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
  • Minimal change disease of the kidneys
  • Acute rheumatism

Frage 87

Frage
Which types of glomerulonephritis are clinically presented by nephritic syndrome?
Antworten
  • Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
  • Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
  • Minimal change disease
  • Membranous glomerulonephritis

Frage 88

Frage
Which types of glomerulonephritis are clinically presented by nephrotic syndrome?
Antworten
  • Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
  • Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
  • Minimal change disease
  • Membranous glomerulonephritis

Frage 89

Frage
What findings can be observed in glomerulonephritis?
Antworten
  • Klebsiella
  • E.coli
  • Streptococcus
  • The urine is sterile

Frage 90

Frage
Which type of glomerulonephritis is 'crescentic'?
Antworten
  • Minimal change disease
  • Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
  • Membranous glomerulonephritis
  • Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis

Frage 91

Frage
'Big white kidney' can be observed in the following cades
Antworten
  • Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
  • Amyloidosis of the kidney
  • Minimal change disease
  • Nephrosclerotic glomerulonephritis

Frage 92

Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with tubal pregnancy?
Antworten
  • Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
  • Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi
  • Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
  • Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade

Frage 93

Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with mola hydatidosa?
Antworten
  • Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
  • Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi without feral blood capillaries
  • Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
  • Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade

Frage 94

Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with abortion (miscarriage) ?
Antworten
  • Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
  • Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi without feral blood capillaries
  • Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
  • Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade

Frage 95

Frage
Specify the associated clinical symptoms in dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix
Antworten
  • No clinical symptoms
  • Scarce contact bleeding
  • Fever
  • Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes

Frage 96

Frage
Why if curettage from a suspected pregnancy shows only decidual changes, the gynaecologist should be notified immediately?
Antworten
  • There is an increased risk for endometrial carcinoma
  • There is an increased risk of associated mola hydatidosa
  • There is an increased risk of associated intraepithelial lesion of the cervix
  • There is a high risk of associated tubal pregnancy

Frage 97

Frage
Mola hydatidosa has the following characteristics
Antworten
  • Grossly it resembles grape-like structures
  • Chorionic villi have fetal capillaries
  • Chorionic villi are with hydropic edema
  • Chorionic villi lack fetal blood vessels

Frage 98

Frage
Examples of ovarian cysts are
Antworten
  • Follicular cyst
  • Cystadenoma papilliferum
  • Mature teratoma (dermoid cyst)
  • Colloid cyst

Frage 99

Frage
Which hormones play a role in breast diseases?
Antworten
  • Somatropin
  • Oxytocin
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone

Frage 100

Frage
How does the breast cancer metastasise?
Antworten
  • Primarily via lymphogenic spread
  • Distantly via hematogenous spread
  • Fibro-epithelial spread
  • Apocrine spread
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