Frage 1
Frage
The most frequent form of primary glomerular disease in children is
Antworten
-
Minimal change disease
-
Acute glomeruonephritis
Frage 2
Frage
Hyperfunction of anterior pituitary in pre-pubertal children generally can result in
Frage 3
Frage
The role of external radiation in the etiology of thyroid cancer is predominant in
Antworten
-
Papillary carcinoma
-
Follicular carcinoma
Frage 4
Frage
The following type of carcinoma of the breast is characterised by 'Indian file' pattern of tumour cells
Frage 5
Frage
Prostatic hyperplasia affects most often
Antworten
-
Peripheral prostate
-
Periurethral prostate
Frage 6
Frage
Which criteria refer to pernicious anaemia
Frage 7
Frage
Which of the following tumours have association with occupational exposure to asbestosis?
Antworten
-
Silicosis
-
Malignant mesothelioma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Laryngeal carcinoma
Frage 8
Frage
Which of the following features characterise ulcerative colitis, except
Antworten
-
Formation of crypt abscess and cryptitis
-
Superficial mucosal ulceration
-
Depletion of goblet cells and mucus
-
Stricture formation in chronic cases
Frage 9
Frage
Philadelphia chromosome is characterised by
Antworten
-
Translocation (8;14)
-
Translocation (9;22)
-
Translocation (22;9)
-
Translocation (14;8)
Frage 10
Frage
Which of the following are included in classic Hodgkin's disease
Antworten
-
Histiocytic fibrosis
-
Lymphocytic depletion
-
Mixed cellularity
-
Nodular sclerosis
Frage 11
Frage
Pulseless disease is
Antworten
-
Temporal arteritis
-
Kawasaki's disease
-
Takayasu arteritis
-
Buerger's disease
Frage 12
Frage
The morphological variants of diagnostic cells in Hodgkin's disease are
Frage 13
Frage
Crohn's disease is characterised by the following histopathologic features
Frage 14
Frage
According to monoclonal atherosclerosis hypothesis, the primary event in atherosclerosis is
Antworten
-
Monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells
-
Monoclonal proliferation of smooth muscle cells
-
Monoclonal proliferation of monocytes
-
Monoclonal proliferation of foam cells
Frage 15
Frage
Barrett's oesophagus is
Antworten
-
Congenital anomaly
-
Inflammatory disease
-
Metaplastic process
-
Neoplastic lesion
Frage 16
Frage
The most common site of involvement of atherosclerosis aneurysm is
Frage 17
Frage
The following histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma have strong association with cigarette smoking except
Antworten
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Small cell carcinoma
-
Large cell carcinoma
-
Adenocarcinoma
Frage 18
Frage
The most important and common complicated atheromatous lesion in the coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction is
Frage 19
Frage
In hypertensive heart disease left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated with
Frage 20
Frage
The most common causative agent for lobar pneumonia is
Antworten
-
Staphylococci
-
Streptococci
-
Pneumococci
-
Haemophilus
Frage 21
Frage
The common complications of gastric ulcer are
Antworten
-
Penetration
-
Pneumonia
-
Haemorrhage
-
Perforation
Frage 22
Frage
What complication can occur due to atherosclerosis of femoral artery?
Frage 23
Frage
Which of the following types of acute viral hepatitis become chronic hepatitis?
Frage 24
Frage
Nephrotic syndrome develops in
Antworten
-
Urine retention
-
Acute renal failure
-
Acute pyelonephritis
-
Glomerulonephritis
Frage 25
Frage
The infection which leads to pyelonephritis may be a result of
Frage 26
Frage
Which of the following diseases does not lead to nephrosclerosis?
Antworten
-
Atherosclerosis
-
Diabetes mellitus
-
Diabetes insipidus
-
Gout
Frage 27
Frage
Squamous cell carcinoma is a common tumour in the
Antworten
-
Uterine body
-
Ovaries
-
Fallopian tubes
-
Uterine cervix
Frage 28
Frage
Which of the morphological methods are used for subtyping lymphomas?
Antworten
-
Van Gieson staining
-
PAS
-
Von Kossa staining
-
Immunohistochemistry
Frage 29
Frage
Which of the following complications can develop in pulmonary carcinoma?
Frage 30
Frage
Determine the pathological process in the lung emphysema, having in mind the microscopic appearance - a focus of necrosis, detritus, leukocytes and macrophages
Frage 31
Frage
What disease is endometriosis?
Frage 32
Frage
Point out the characteristic macroscopic changes of chronic obstructive emphysema
Antworten
-
Decreased in size lungs, collapsed to the hilum
-
Lungs with increased volume
-
Thick consistency of the lungs
-
Reduced elasticity and soft consistency
Frage 33
Frage
Gynecomastia is a disease of
Antworten
-
Breast in women
-
Ovaries
-
Male breast
-
Testes
Frage 34
Frage
What is typical for the first stage of syphilis?
Frage 35
Frage
For tuberculous meningitis the following histological changes are typical
Frage 36
Frage
Why are occupational diseases named pneumoconiosis?
Frage 37
Frage
Which of the following factors play a role in the development of bronchial carcinoma?
Frage 38
Frage
What is the exudate in the pleural cavity and pericardial sac due to lymphatic spread of pulmonary carcinoma into them?
Antworten
-
Fibrinous
-
Serious
-
Haemorrhagic
-
Purulent
Frage 39
Frage
What forms of silicosis do you know?
Frage 40
Frage
Apically located peripheral pulmonary carcinoma is represented by the eponym
Frage 41
Frage
Which diseases complicate silicosis?
Antworten
-
Cor hypertonicum
-
Cor pulmonale chronicum
-
Tuberculosis
-
Pneumofibrosis
Frage 42
Frage
Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome includes the following
Antworten
-
Ptosis, midriasis, anhydrosis
-
Ptosis, miosis, increased sweating
-
Ptosis, miosis, pseudoenophthalmus
-
Anhydrosis
Frage 43
Frage
What possible gross changes do we see in lung carcinoma?
Frage 44
Frage
Chronic bronchitis is usually accompanied by
Antworten
-
Squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
-
Phases of purulent inflammation
-
Productive cough for at least 2 months/year for 3 consecutive years
-
Productive cough for at least 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years
Frage 45
Frage
Squamous cell lung carcinoma occurs
Antworten
-
In the middle lobe of the left lung
-
After squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi
-
As an ill-defined node connected to a bronchus
-
Forming nests of Tumour cells producing keratin
Frage 46
Frage
In small cell lung carcinoma we can observe
Antworten
-
Numerous Tumour cells with scant stroma
-
The tumour cells resemble oat-grains
-
It grows in a pneumonia-like fashion
-
The tumour cells have very high proliferative rate
Frage 47
Frage
Bronchio-alveolar pulmonary carcinoma is characterised by
Antworten
-
Forms papillary folds into the alveolar lumen
-
It is a form of squamous cell carcinoma
-
The cells produce keratin
-
It is a form of adenocarcinoma
Frage 48
Frage
Hodgkin lymphoma has
Frage 49
Frage
In Hodgkin lymphoma we can observe
Antworten
-
Effaced lymph node structure
-
Nodular sclerosis histological form
-
Mixed cellularity histological form
-
Chronic myeloleukemia
Frage 50
Frage
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be
Antworten
-
Nodal
-
B-cell and T-cell types
-
Extranodal
-
None of the above
Frage 51
Frage
In chronic lympholeukemia in the liver can be seen
Antworten
-
Myeloblasts
-
Mature lymphocytes and single lymphoblasts
-
Focal leukemic infiltrates in the portal spaces
-
Leukemic infiltrates in the sinusoids
Frage 52
Frage
Chronic myeloleukemia causes the following changes in liver
Antworten
-
Effaced lobular structure
-
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of hepatocytes
-
Atrophy of hepatocytes
-
Leukaemic infiltrates in the sinusoids
Frage 53
Frage
In chronic myeloleukemia we observe the following
Antworten
-
Long remissions even without treatment
-
Extreme hepato-splenomegaly
-
Anemia, hemorrhages, infections
-
Splenic infarctions
Frage 54
Frage
Which are the clinical phases of chronic myeloleukemia?
Antworten
-
Chronic stable phase
-
Accelerated phase
-
Blast crisis
-
None of the above
Frage 55
Frage
In Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed cellularity type
Antworten
-
There can be seen numerous eosinophils
-
We can observe area with necrosis
-
Intact histological lymph nose structure
-
Giant bi-uncleared cells, called 'mirror image'
Frage 56
Frage
Plasmocytoma has the following features
Antworten
-
Reed-Sternberg Tumour cells
-
Jelly-like raspberry red osteolytic bone lesion
-
The tumour cells have a large vacuolar nucleus with prominent nucleolus
-
The tumour cells have a round eccentric nucleus with a pale halo around it
Frage 57
Frage
Which of the following are examples of pathological processes in the oral cavity that can have an effect of internal organs?
Frage 58
Frage
Which avitaminoses can be associated with changes in the oral cavity?
Antworten
-
Vit. B6
-
Vit. B12
-
Vit. D
-
None of the above
Frage 59
Frage
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause the following changes in the oral cavity
Frage 60
Frage
What type of examination will you suggest to your patient if you diagnose him/her with atrophic glossitis (Hunter's tongue)?
Antworten
-
Colonoscopy
-
Dermatoscopy
-
Gastroscopy
-
Hysteroscopy
Frage 61
Frage
If a patient with atrophic glossitis is examined with gastroscopy, what can be the findings in gastric mucosa?
Frage 62
Frage
The risk of which disease does atrophic autoimmune gastritis carry?
Frage 63
Frage
What are the usual changes in leukoplakia?
Antworten
-
The epithelium is hyperkeratotic
-
Acanthosis in the epithelium
-
Chronic inflammation
-
Dysplasia in the epithelium can be observed
Frage 64
Frage
What can we observe in leukoplakia?
Antworten
-
Parakeratosis
-
Dysplasia
-
Carcinoma in situ
-
Diabetes
Frage 65
Frage
Which of the following is true of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Frage 66
Frage
In chronic tonsillitis we can observe the following
Frage 67
Frage
The typical histological picture of epilus includes
Antworten
-
Langhans giant multinuclear cells
-
Fresh haemorrhages and hemosiderin
-
Osteoclast-type multinuclear giant cells
-
It is a true tumour
Frage 68
Frage
Adamantinoma (amelloblastoma) is
Frage 69
Frage
Why is it necessary to comment on the presence or absence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies?
Antworten
-
H.pylori is a risk factor for MALT lymphoma
-
H.pylori is a risk factor for duodenal cancer
-
H.pylori causes chronic gastritis
-
H.pylori is a severe fungal infection
Frage 70
Frage
Which of the following are possible complications of chronic gastric ulcer?
Frage 71
Frage
Which special stain help us determine the presence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies?
Antworten
-
Van Gieson
-
Giemsa
-
Congo Red
-
Immunohistochemistry
Frage 72
Frage
The following changes can be observed in acute duodenal ulcer
Antworten
-
Fibrinoid necrosis at the ulcer base
-
Inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
Ulceration penetrating through muscularis mucosae, reaching muscularis propria
-
It often undergoes malignant transformation
Frage 73
Frage
What histological types of gastric cancer do you recognise?
Frage 74
Frage
In phlegmonous appendicitis we can observe the following
Antworten
-
Peri-appendicitis
-
Lymphocyte infiltration in the mucosa
-
Neutrophilic infiltration throughout the thickness of the wall of the appendix
-
Constriction of the blood vessels of the serosa
Frage 75
Frage
Phlegmonous appendicitis is characterised by
Antworten
-
Purulent exudate in the lumen
-
Hypoplasia of the lymph follicles
-
Hyperplastic activated lymph follicles
-
Hyperemic blood vessels of the serosa
Frage 76
Frage
Gangrenous appendicitis is characterised by
Antworten
-
Lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa
-
Thrombosis of blood vessels
-
Necrosis of the wall of the appendix
-
Severe inflammation through the wall of the appendix
Frage 77
Frage
What are the causes which may lead to micro-nodular liver cirrhosis?
Antworten
-
Acute viral hepatitis
-
Chronic viral hepatitis
-
Cardiogenic shock
-
Chronic alcoholism
Frage 78
Frage
Which of the types of necrosis are found in chronic active hepatitis?
Antworten
-
Piece-meal necrosis
-
Adjacent necrosis
-
Bridging necrosis
-
Caseous necrosis
Frage 79
Frage
Why does the level of calcium in the blood has prognostic value in acute pancreatitis?
Antworten
-
Calcium is deposited in the bones
-
Calcium levels in the blood slower with the progression of steato-necrosis
-
Calcium reacts with fatty acids to form soaps
-
It has no prognostic value
Frage 80
Frage
Some of the gross features of acute pancreatitis are
Antworten
-
Enlarged liver
-
Steatonecrosis of the fatty tissue around and inside the pancreas
-
Haemorrhages in the tissues of the pancreas
-
Fibrosis in the tissues of the pancreas
Frage 81
Frage
What histological changes can be observed in chronic hepatitis?
Frage 82
Frage
Chronic cholecystitis is characterised by the following
Antworten
-
Often it is accompanied by cholelithiasis
-
It has no association with cholelithiasis
-
Can cause adhesions
-
It is caused by viral infection
Frage 83
Frage
Which is the following can be complications caused by chronic cholecystitis?
Frage 84
Frage
After consuming poisonous mushrooms, a patient shows signs of acute liver failure with progressive reduction of the size of the liver. What process has developed in the liver?
Antworten
-
Acute viral hepatitis
-
Massive hepatic necrosis
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
-
None of the above
Frage 85
Frage
After consuming poisonous mushrooms, a patient shows signs of acute liver failure with progressive reduction of the size of the liver. Besides liver failure, what other complication can worsen the patient's clinical condition?
Frage 86
Frage
Which of the following can occur after a streptococcal tonsillitis?
Antworten
-
Post-infectious cholecystitis
-
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
-
Minimal change disease of the kidneys
-
Acute rheumatism
Frage 87
Frage
Which types of glomerulonephritis are clinically presented by nephritic syndrome?
Antworten
-
Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
-
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
Minimal change disease
-
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Frage 88
Frage
Which types of glomerulonephritis are clinically presented by nephrotic syndrome?
Antworten
-
Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
-
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
Minimal change disease
-
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Frage 89
Frage
What findings can be observed in glomerulonephritis?
Antworten
-
Klebsiella
-
E.coli
-
Streptococcus
-
The urine is sterile
Frage 90
Frage
Which type of glomerulonephritis is 'crescentic'?
Antworten
-
Minimal change disease
-
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
Membranous glomerulonephritis
-
Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
Frage 91
Frage
'Big white kidney' can be observed in the following cades
Antworten
-
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
Amyloidosis of the kidney
-
Minimal change disease
-
Nephrosclerotic glomerulonephritis
Frage 92
Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with tubal pregnancy?
Antworten
-
Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
-
Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi
-
Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Frage 93
Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with mola hydatidosa?
Antworten
-
Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
-
Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi without feral blood capillaries
-
Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Frage 94
Frage
Which of the following histological changes are associated with abortion (miscarriage) ?
Antworten
-
Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
-
Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi without feral blood capillaries
-
Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Frage 95
Frage
Specify the associated clinical symptoms in dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix
Frage 96
Frage
Why if curettage from a suspected pregnancy shows only decidual changes, the gynaecologist should be notified immediately?
Antworten
-
There is an increased risk for endometrial carcinoma
-
There is an increased risk of associated mola hydatidosa
-
There is an increased risk of associated intraepithelial lesion of the cervix
-
There is a high risk of associated tubal pregnancy
Frage 97
Frage
Mola hydatidosa has the following characteristics
Antworten
-
Grossly it resembles grape-like structures
-
Chorionic villi have fetal capillaries
-
Chorionic villi are with hydropic edema
-
Chorionic villi lack fetal blood vessels
Frage 98
Frage
Examples of ovarian cysts are
Frage 99
Frage
Which hormones play a role in breast diseases?
Antworten
-
Somatropin
-
Oxytocin
-
Estrogen
-
Progesterone
Frage 100
Frage
How does the breast cancer metastasise?