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Quiz von timi Lamikanra , aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von timi Lamikanra
vor fast 7 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
select the epithelial ovarian tumours
Antworten
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granulosa cell tumor
-
thecoma
-
brenner's tumor
-
androblastoma
Frage 2
Frage
252: which of the following are epithelial ovarian tumors
Antworten
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thecoma
-
serous granuloma
-
dysgerminoma
-
brenner's tumor
Frage 3
Frage
253: which of the following are sex-ord stromal ovarian tumors
Antworten
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granulosa cell tumor
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thecoma
-
dysgerminoma
-
androblastoma
Frage 4
Frage
254: which of the following ovarian tumors are benign
Antworten
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papillary cystadenoma
-
papillary cystadenocarcinoma
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dysgerminoma
-
thecoma
Frage 5
Frage
255: which of the following ovarian tumors are malignant
Antworten
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serous cystadenoma
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endodermal yolk sac tumor
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thecoma
-
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Frage 6
Frage
256: in fibro-cystic breast disease we find the following
Antworten
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solitary nodule
-
multiple nodules
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cyst
-
papillary proliferations
Frage 7
Frage
257: in fibroadenoma of the breast we find
Antworten
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multiple nodules
-
cysts
-
solitary nodules
-
proliferated mammary ducts and stroma
Frage 8
Frage
258: benign prostate hyperplaia is seen most commonly in
Antworten
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median lobe
-
Subscapular prostate tissuee
-
lateral lobes
-
periurethreal prostate tissue
Frage 9
Frage
259: prostate carcinoma is usualy seen in
Antworten
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lateral lobe
-
possterior lobe
-
periuretheral prostatic tissue
-
subcapsular prostate tissue
Frage 10
Frage
260: which two markers are valuable for the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Antworten
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PSA
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HER2
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PAP
-
estrogen receptors
Frage 11
Frage
261: what pathogenic mechanism can be used for the therapy of prostate carcinoma
Antworten
-
hormonal therapy-antitestosterone drugs
-
hormonal therapy-antiprogesterone drugs
-
treatment with monoclonal antibodies
Frage 12
Frage
which of the following types of cancer metastasize to bone
Antworten
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ovarian cancer
-
renal cancer
-
breast cancer
-
thyroid gland cancer
Frage 13
Frage
bone metastases are observed in which of the following types of cancer
Antworten
-
gastric cancer
-
ovarian cancer
-
prostate cancer
-
breast cancer
Frage 14
Frage
which of the following statements are true for graves disease
Antworten
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it is the most common cause for hypothyroidism
-
exopthalmus in some patients
-
pretibial myxedema
-
usually most patients are euthyroud
Frage 15
Frage
the following is true for grave's
Antworten
-
it causes heroerthroidism
-
autoantibodies against TSH receptors
-
affects men more than women
-
thyroid stimulating igG is the cause
Frage 16
Frage
histiologically in grave's disease we can find
Antworten
-
nodular colloid goiter
-
signs of thyroid hyperfunction
-
small thyroid follicles with small amounts of dilluted colloid
-
many resorbtive vacuoles in the thyroid
Frage 17
Frage
in nodular toxic goiter we can observe the following
Antworten
-
exoptholmos
-
there are found autoantibodies against TSH-receptors
-
pretibial myxedema
-
colloid nodular goiter
Frage 18
Frage
which of the following are renal complications for diabetes
Antworten
-
arterioo-hyalinosis of vas afferens and vas efferens
-
chronic pyelonephritis
-
diffuse and segmental glomerulosclerosis
-
diabetic retinopathy
Frage 19
Frage
in goiter we observe
Antworten
-
cystically dilated thyroid follicles
-
histological accomodation of the epitheloum lining the follicles
-
papillary folds of the epithelium of the follicles
-
diluted, scarce colloid
Frage 20
Frage
hashimoto thyroiditis is chaaracterized by
Antworten
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the thyroid follicles are dilated, filled with large amounts of concentrated colloid
-
atypical looking cells called oncocytes
-
the thyroid follicles are replaced by lymph follicles
-
these lymphoid follicles have pale germinal centres
Frage 21
Frage
pneumococcus usually causes infections of the cns in
Antworten
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newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Frage 22
Frage
haemmophylus influenza is the most common etiological agent for infections of the CNS in
Antworten
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newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Frage 23
Frage
Escherichia coli is the most common etiological agent for infections of the CNS in
Antworten
-
newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Frage 24
Frage
Neissaria meningitidis is the most common etiological agent for infections of the CNS in
Antworten
-
newborns
-
adults
-
teenagers
-
toddlers
Frage 25
Frage
Which of the following statements are true tumors for tumours of the CNS
Antworten
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metastatic tumours to the brain are more common than the primary
-
primary tumors of the CNS often metastasize outside the CNS
-
Primary tumors of the CNS almost never metastasize outside the CNS
-
most important factor for the outcome is the tumor location
Frage 26
Frage
which are the purposes of pathological autopsy
Antworten
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to accuse the clinicians of medical malpractice
-
to establish the cause of death and the definitive diagnosis
-
to help educate clinicians and to improve their work
-
to help the relatives of the deceased to convict the doctors
Frage 27
Frage
which are the donditions for an autopsy to be done
Antworten
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death occured in a hospital due to a disease
-
available medical history of the patient
-
presence of the treating doctor
-
all of the above
Frage 28
Frage
what are the characteristics of a frozen section
Antworten
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urgent diagnosis given during an operation
-
the preparation of the tissue samples is done by a parrafin method
-
the preparation of the tissue sample is done on a freezing microtome
-
sometimes the diagnosis is not exactly clear because of the preparation method but information like "malingant tumor", "benign tumor" or "inflammation" is given to the surgeons to know how to proceed with the operation
Frage 29
Frage
which fixative is most commonly used
Antworten
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bouin solution
-
absolute alcohol
-
formalin 10%
-
salts of heavy metals
Frage 30
Frage
what fixatives should be used for a liver biopsy from a baby with a suspected inherited metabolic disease
Antworten
-
formalin 10%
-
1,5-4% glutaraldehyde
-
frozen section
-
zenker's fixative
Frage 31
Frage
what is the role of immiunohistochemical stains
Antworten
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to give urgent answers about the diagnosis or at least orientation about the pathological process during surgery
-
to determine the histogenesis of the tumor especially in highly undifferentiarted malignant tumors
-
to determine the proliferative activity and the hormonal receptros of the tumor that is highly important for the treatment
-
to help determine the cause of death
Frage 32
Frage
cytokeratin, S-protein, vimentin, desmin, CD-20 are examples of
Antworten
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special stains to prove different substances
-
imunohistochemical markers
Frage 33
Frage
in which cases a pathological autopsy is performed
Antworten
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when there is suspicion for diagnostic or therrapeutic malpractice
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death of a person outside the hospital
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when there is suspicion of violent death
-
death of a patient in the hospital and when the relatives dont ask the principal to cancen the autopsy
Frage 34
Frage
which of the followingd id not a part of performing an autopsy
Antworten
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dissection of organ
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opening the body
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taking a biopsy from organ change
-
extraction of abdominal and thoracic organs
Frage 35
Frage
size, shape, elasticity, consistency, color and cut surfaces are characteristics of
Antworten
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microscope examination of organs
-
gross examination of organs
-
ultramiscrscopic examination of organs
-
none of the listed
Frage 36
Frage
indicate correctly the name of the described test. The pericardial sac is cut in a Y-like section and filled with water, after that, in the presence of a witness, the right ventricle is punctured with a knife
Antworten
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test for thromboembolism
-
test for pneumothroax
-
test for air and gas embolism
-
test for fat embolism
Frage 37
Frage
Indicate correctly the name of the described test: The pulmonary artery is cut at the place of truncus pulmonalis. Tweezers are inserted and the content of the artery is taken out for examination
Antworten
-
test for pneumothorax
-
test for air and gas embolism
-
test for thromboembolism
-
test for fat embolism
Frage 38
Frage
indicate correctly the name of the described test: A pocket between the skin and the ribs is formed and is filled with water. In the presence of a witness, the thorax is punctured with a thin knife in an intercostal space
Antworten
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test for air and gas embolism
-
test for fat embolism
-
test for thromboembolism
-
test for pneumothorax
Frage 39
Frage
where is the main accumulation of glycogen in patients with diabetes
Antworten
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in epithelial cells of conovulated tubules and henle's loop
-
in epithelial cells of gastrointestinal mucosa
-
in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes
-
endothelial cells of the vessels
Frage 40
Frage
the abnormal inclusions in the hepatpcytes in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Antworten
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glycogen
-
lipids
-
bile
-
proteins
Frage 41
Frage
PAS reaction with PAS control is used to distinguish
Antworten
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Cholesterol from other lipids
-
glycogen from mucus
-
DNA from RNA
-
denatured intracelliilar proteins from accumulated extracellular proteins
Frage 42
Frage
PAS control is done using
Antworten
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sulfuric acid
-
hydrocloric acid
-
amylase
-
picric acid
Frage 43
Frage
what is the relation between fatty degeneration of the liver and diabetes
Antworten
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there is no relation between them
-
patients with diabetes have increased intake of lipifd to provide more energy
-
the fatty liver in diabetes is caused by increased lipolysis and increased delivery of fatty acids in the liver
-
the fatty liver leads to diabetes mellitis
Frage 44
Frage
what is the adroid type of obesity
Antworten
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also called "male" ore "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called "female" or "pear" type, it is the accumulation of luipids in the fatty cells around the hips, thighs and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders, and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly in the thighs, hips and legs
Frage 45
Frage
what is gynoid type obesity
Antworten
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also called "male" or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called "female" or "pear" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly in the thighs, hips and legs
Frage 46
Frage
what is upper type of obesity
Antworten
-
also called "male" or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called "female" or "pear" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, thighs and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the shoulders, face and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the thighs, hips and legs
Frage 47
Frage
what is lower type of obesity
Antworten
-
also called "male" or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
-
also called "female" or "pear" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the thighs, hips and legs
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
-
generalized obesity predominantly on the thighs , hips and legs
Frage 48
Frage
which obesity has the worse prognosis
Antworten
-
gynoid type
-
male type
-
the obesity doesnt affect the patient's health
-
all of the obesity types have the same prognosis
Frage 49
Frage
haemolytic jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings
Antworten
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the increased indirect billirubin in the serum, hypercholic stoools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, oth bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, inccreased billirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
Frage 50
Frage
mechanical jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings
Antworten
-
increased indirect billirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobillinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, oth bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct billirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, inctreased bilirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
Frage 51
Frage
parenchymal jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings:
Antworten
-
increased indirect billirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobillinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, oth bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, increased bilirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
Frage 52
Frage
what is the common between fibrosis, sclereosis and cirrhosis
Antworten
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the common is the increased development of connective tissue in the organ
-
the common is the lipid accumulation in the interstitium of the organ
-
the common is the fibrinoud degeneration of the organ
-
they are different processes and dont have anything common between them
Frage 53
Frage
whay is the clinical significance of hyalinosis of the pancreatic arterioles
Antworten
-
it an cause diavetes mellitus
-
it an cause pancreatic cancer
-
it an cause acute pancreatitis
-
hyalinosis in the pancreas is a physiological process related with aging
Frage 54
Frage
which stain is used to prove rheumatism in acute stage in a heart valve
Antworten
-
prussian blue
-
toluidin blue
-
congo-red
-
pearls
Frage 55
Frage
mucoid swelling can be seen in
Antworten
-
heart valves in rheumatism
-
basedow's dermopathy
-
myxedema
-
all of the above
Frage 56
Frage
the necrosis which develops ar the base of an acure or chronic active ulcer in the stomach or duodenum is
Antworten
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coagulative
-
caseous
-
fibrinoid
-
liquefactive
Frage 57
Frage
indicate the correct statement(s) for he neogrosclerosis arteriolosclerotica
Antworten
-
it affects micoscopically the afferent and efferent arterioles
-
it is a result of prolonged benign hypertension
-
it is a reversible process
-
the process is hyalinosis
Frage 58
Frage
what are the microscopic changes seen in the brain in benign long-term hypertension
Antworten
-
hyalinosis of the vessel's walls
-
edema around vessels
-
accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the soft brain membranes
-
development of specific granulomas in the brain tissues
Frage 59
Frage
the gross descriotion: thick, hard, glassy, whitish depositions, non-digestable by enzymes, is indicative for
Antworten
-
steatonecrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
hyalinosis
-
fibrinoid deposition
Frage 60
Frage
the following diseases are examples of amylid depositions. find the mistake
Antworten
-
rheumatoid arthritis-AA amyloid
-
multiple myeloma-AL amyloid
-
medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland-AA amyloid
-
alzheimer's disease-A4 myeloid
Frage 61
Frage
sago spleen and lardaceous spleen are
Antworten
-
gross appearamce of the localized (sago spleen) and generalized (lardaceous spleen) amyloidosis of the spleen
-
sago spleen is amyloidosis of the spleen, while lardaceous spleen is hyalinosis of the spleen
-
gross apperance of the spleen in hodgkin's lymphoma depending on on rhe severity of the process
-
in lardaceous spleen the amyloid is deposited in the white pulp only, while in sago spleen both the white and red pulp have amyloid deposition
Frage 62
Frage
systemic amyloidosis is proven by a biopsy from
Antworten
-
gingiva
-
heart
-
fat tissue from abdominal wall
-
ileum
Frage 63
Frage
what type of calcification develops in the complicated athereosclerotic plaques
Antworten
-
metastatic
-
dystrophic
-
metabolic
-
physiological
Frage 64
Frage
which are the causes for hypocalcemia
Antworten
-
hypoparathyroidism
-
hyperparathyroidism
-
intoxication with vit d
-
senile osteoporosis
Frage 65
Frage
what kind of gout can develop in a patient with leucemia
Antworten
-
gout caused by excesive consumption of meat and meat products
-
genetic gout caused by an error in the metabolism of uric acid
-
renal injury because kidneys cannot excrete the excessive amount of uric acid
-
patient with leucosis never develop gout
Frage 66
Frage
which if the following microscopic desccriptions most likely suggestt kidney amyloidosis? te stain is H-E in all the described specimens
Antworten
-
highly enlarged glomeruli. the capillary tufts filled almost all tof the capsular space. capillary lumens are obliterated; pink homogenous substance is deposited also in the mesangium, in the basement membranesof the tubules and in the walls of the blood vessels
-
afferent ans efferent arterioles have homogenously thick walls stained in pink, some of the glomeruli look smaller, with totally effaced structure and homogenously pink in colour, while others may look normal in size or even with compensatory hypertrophy
-
the interstitium shows chronic inflammatory reaction, the main change is seen in the kidney tubules which look dilated and filled with pinkish substance ( these tubules look like thryoid follicles )
-
many glomeruli showw crescent proliferations, encompassing 2/3 of the bowman;s space: the process ends with global sclerosis of the glomerulus
Frage 67
Frage
which of the following stain(s) is used to prove amyloidosis
Antworten
-
pearls
-
congo-red
-
van gieson
-
methyl violet
Frage 68
Frage
mark the correct statement(s) for kidney amyloidosis
Antworten
-
smallm shrunken kidneys with granular surgace and difficult decapsulation
-
enlarged pale kidneys with waxy texture
-
Amyloidosis affects only one of the kidneys and doesn;t lead to chronic renal failure
-
kidney amyloidosis is reversible after the treatment of the primary disease and has very good prognosis
Frage 69
Frage
granulomatous structures consisting of uric acid crystals, lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and giant multinucleated cells type "foreign body" are characteristic for which disease
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
gout
-
brucellosis
Frage 70
Frage
calcification of the aorta characterizes with;
Antworten
-
hard, rigid wall of the aorta
-
soft, elastic wall of the aorta
-
can be complicated with mural thrombosis and aneurysm
-
is a result of metabolic calcification
Frage 71
Frage
renal complications of gout are
Antworten
-
uric crystals nephrolithiasis
-
uric-acid infarction
-
urate nephropathy
-
all of the listed above
Frage 72
Frage
what type of necrrosis develops in the specific granuloma in tuberculosis
Antworten
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
-
steatonecrosis
Frage 73
Frage
which of the following terms are used to describe liquefactive necrosis of the brain
Antworten
-
ramolicio cerebri
-
encephalomalacia
-
infarctus anemicus cerebri
-
hydrocephalus
Frage 74
Frage
which type of necrosis develops in the pancreas
Antworten
-
steatonecrosis/ fat necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
Frage 75
Frage
what type of necrosis develps in the specific granulooma in tuberculosis
Antworten
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
-
steatonecrosis
Frage 76
Frage
indicate the correct statement(s) for dyspasia
Antworten
-
it is a proceess of disordered cellular development
-
it can develop in soft tissues
-
it can develop in tissues of epithelial origin
-
it is an adaptive process
Frage 77
Frage
corpora amylacea can be seen microscopically in
Antworten
-
the glands of the uterine mucosa
-
the glands of the prostate
-
the kidney's of the convuluted tubules
-
the follicles of thyroid gland
Frage 78
Frage
how does the hypertrophic myocardium look like grossly
Antworten
-
enlargmed in size
-
smaller in size
-
papillert muscles are hypertrophic
-
increased heart weight
Frage 79
Frage
hyperplasia of the endometrium can be
Antworten
-
direct and indirect
-
typical and atypical
-
with formation of cysts or with formation of psuedo-cysts
-
diffuse and localized
Frage 80
Frage
what are the complications of prostate hyperplasia
Antworten
-
urinary retention, frequent urinary tract infections
-
sexual dysfunction
-
transitional cell carcinoma
-
hydronephrosis
Frage 81
Frage
which is the main complication after squamous metaplasia of the respiratory bronchial epithelieum
Antworten
-
swuamous carcinoma of bronchus
-
chronic bronchitis
-
small-cell carcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma of the bronchus
Frage 82
Frage
epistaxis and melena are examples of
Antworten
-
edema
-
exudate
-
haemorrhage
-
venous congestion
Frage 83
Frage
what is hemascos
Antworten
-
blood in the urine
-
blood in the peritoneal cavitiy
-
blood in the excrement
-
blood vomiting
Frage 84
Frage
what is hematemesis
Antworten
-
blood vomitting
-
blood in the excrements
-
nose bleeding
-
bleeding from the lungs
Frage 85
Frage
what is hemoptoe
Antworten
-
bleeding from the nose
-
bleeding from the lungs
-
blood vomitting
-
blood in the pleural cavity
Frage 86
Frage
which of the following liver changes is reversible
Antworten
-
liver cirrhosis
-
liver cyanosis
-
nutmeg liver
-
liver amyloidosis
Frage 87
Frage
pin point hemorrhages in the brain usually have the following pathogenesis
Antworten
-
per diapedesin
-
per rhexin
-
per diabrosin
-
all of the above
Frage 88
Frage
can thrombosis develop after death
Antworten
-
yes, this is why we can see blood clots in vessels after death
-
no, thrombosis is a pathological process which develops only during lifetime
-
it can develop both during life and after death
-
it develops in the agony preceeding death
Frage 89
Frage
what is characteristic for the post-mortem blood clot
Antworten
-
dry, crumbly, layered structre
-
moist, homogenous structure
-
attatched to the vessel's wall
-
unattatched to the vessel's wall
Frage 90
Frage
indicate types of embolism depending on the content of embolus
Antworten
-
gas, air, amniotic
-
thromboembolism, fat embolism
-
arterial, venous
-
orrthograde, retrograde, paradoxal
Frage 91
Frage
indicate types of embolism according to the way of blood flow
Antworten
-
gas, air, thromboebmoolism, amniotic, fat, parasite
-
orthograde, retrograde
-
arterial, venous
-
paradoxical
Frage 92
Frage
indicate types of embolism according to the character of the obturated blood vessel.
Antworten
-
thromboemvolism, amniotiic, fat, gas, air embolism
-
arterial
-
venous
-
orthograde, retrograde, paradoxical
Frage 93
Frage
is it possible to prevenet embolism
Antworten
-
no, it is something we cannot control or prevent
-
yes, by using anticoagulants
-
yes, by excercise in bed ridden atient and early getting up from bed after operation
-
yes, by staying in bed without moving after an operation
Frage 94
Frage
in which organ hemorrhagic infarction can develop
Antworten
-
in organs with nutritive and functinoal blood circulation
-
in organs with nutritive circulation only
-
in organs with many anastomoses
-
hemmorhagic infarction can develop in any organ
Frage 95
Frage
indicate the organ(s) where hemorrhagic infarction is possible
Antworten
-
liver
-
heart
-
lung
-
intestine
Frage 96
Frage
how can we prove amniotic embolism
Antworten
-
microscopically, by finding amniotic fluid in the heart ventricle
-
grossly, by finding amniotic fliud in the right heart ventricle
-
microscopically, by finding amniotic particles such as lanugo, meconium etc. in the lungs
-
grossly, by finding amniotic particles in the lungs
Frage 97
Frage
why does an embolism develop
Antworten
-
because of the dissolution of blood gases, especially axotic oxide, caused by fast decompression
-
because of the dissolution of blood gases, especially type, caused by fast compression
-
because the negative pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
-
because the posiive pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
Frage 98
Frage
what is needed for the development of hemorrhagic infarction of the lung
Antworten
-
double circulation of the lung
-
thrombosis of a branch of a. bronchialis
-
thrombosis of branch a. pulmonis
-
chronic venous stagnation
Frage 99
Frage
what is te most common cause for the development of anemic infarction of the brain
Antworten
-
thromvosis or embolism of a. cerebri anterior
-
thrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri media
-
thrombosis or embolism of a, cerebri posterior
-
thrombosis or embolism of a. basillaris
Frage 100
Frage
what is the gross appearance of a previous anemic infarction of the brain
Antworten
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fresh liquefactive necrosis
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brain cyst
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brain pseudocyst
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irregular red- coloured area
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