Frage 1
Frage
Which of these vitamins are fat soluble?
Frage 2
Frage
Where are vitamins absorbed in the digestive tract?
Frage 3
Frage
Function of liver in absorbing vitamins?
Antworten
-
Bile produced here improves motility
-
bile produced here helps to absorb water soluble vitamins
-
bile produced here helps to absorb fat soluble vitamins
-
bile releases vitamins from food
Frage 4
Frage
Where does some niacin absorption occur?
Antworten
-
stomach
-
mouth
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liver
-
pancreas
Frage 5
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What is absorbed in the small intestine?
Antworten
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Water soluble vitamins
-
fat soluble vitamins
Frage 6
Frage
How are water soluble vitamins absorbed in the small intestine
Frage 7
Frage
How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed in the small intestine?
Frage 8
Frage
Where is vitamin C absorbed?
Antworten
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in large intestine
-
stomach
-
pancreas
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in ileum
-
liver
Frage 9
Frage
what does chewing do?
Antworten
-
break apart fiber
-
break down fat
-
release vitamins
-
release enzymes
-
absorb carbohydrates
Frage 10
Frage
where is vitamin B12 absorbed?
Antworten
-
ileum
-
stomach
-
large intestine
-
liver
-
pancreas
Frage 11
Frage
what is absorbed in the large intestine?
Antworten
-
small amounts of vitamin K
-
large amounts of vitamin K
-
small amounts of biotin
-
large amounts of biotin
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small amounts of pantothenic acid
-
large amounts of pantothenic acid
-
small amounts of vitamin B6
-
large amounts of vitamin B6
Frage 12
Frage
what is released by the pancreas?
Antworten
-
pantothenic acid
-
vitamin C
-
digestive enzymes
-
bile
-
HCl Acid
Frage 13
Frage
Bioavailability refers to the amount of a nutrient that can be absorbed an utilized in the body
Frage 14
Frage
What affects bioavailability of vitamins?
Frage 15
Frage
Which vitamins are all co enzymes
Frage 16
Frage
What do vitamins do?
Antworten
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promote body activities
-
regulate body activities
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enhance body secretions
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inhibit body secretions
Frage 17
Frage
What vitamins are stored in the body?
Frage 18
Frage
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?
Antworten
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Liver
-
Fatty tissues
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Urine
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Stomach
-
Large intestine
Frage 19
Frage
What is the active form of thiamin in the body?
Antworten
-
Thiamin pyrophosphate
-
Thiamine
-
Thyrophosphate
-
Vitamin B6
Frage 20
Frage
Function of thiamin in the body?
Antworten
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Essential to the energy-producing reactions
-
Exes tail to energy-using reactions
-
Essential to Breakdown of large molecules
-
Essential to build up of large molecules
Frage 21
Frage
Active forms of riboflavin in the body?
Frage 22
Frage
Active forms of niacin in the body?
Antworten
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
-
Nicotin amide dinucleotide phosphur
-
Nicotine amide dinucleotide
Frage 23
Frage
what are folate and folacin?
Frage 24
Frage
Active form of B6 in the body?
Antworten
-
Pyridoxal phosphate
-
Phosphate pyridoxal
-
Pyrimidal phosphur
-
Phosphur pyrimidal
Frage 25
Frage
Symptoms of folate deficiency
Frage 26
Frage
Some causes of neural tube defects?
Antworten
-
Low folate levels
-
High folate levels
-
Genetic predisposition
-
Age
Frage 27
Frage
Spina bifida and anencephaly are two forms of neural tube defects
Frage 28
Frage
What increases blood homocysteine levels?
Antworten
-
Low intake of folate
-
High intake of folate
-
Low intake of thiamin
-
High intake fo thiamin
Frage 29
Frage
What may mask the early symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency?
Antworten
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A high intake of folate
-
A low intake of folate
-
A high intake of thiamin
-
A low intake of thiamin
Frage 30
Antworten
-
1000 micrograms per day
-
1000 grams per day
-
1000 milligrams per day
-
10 grams
Frage 31
Frage
What is necessary for the maintenance of myelin?
Antworten
-
Vitamin B12
-
Vitamin C
-
Vitamin D
-
Vitamin B6
-
Vitamin A
Frage 32
Frage
Which of these is not required for special handling of vitamin B12 in the digestive tract?
Antworten
-
Stomach acid
-
Enzymes
-
Intrinsic factor
-
Myelin
Frage 33
Frage
What is important for the metabolism of odd-numbered fatty acids and methionine?
Frage 34
Frage
What is the active form of vitamin B12?
Antworten
-
Vitamin B 6
-
Cobalmin coenzymes
-
Folic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
Frage 35
Frage
What can a vitamin B12 deficiency cause?
Frage 36
Frage
What is B12 required for?
Antworten
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Converting folate into form active for DNA synthesis
-
Converting folic acid into form active for DNA synthesis
-
Converting folic acid into form active for acid synthesis
-
Converting folate into form active for acid synthesis
Frage 37
Frage
What is the active form of vitamin C?
Antworten
-
Ascorbic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
-
Retinol
-
Folic acid
-
Riboflavin
Frage 38
Frage
What is the main function of ascorbic acid?
Antworten
-
Reducing agent
-
Catalyst
-
Reduces disease
-
Oxidizing agent
Frage 39
Frage
Who in the population is highest at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency?
Antworten
-
Patients with pernicious anemia
-
Patients with atrophied gastritis
-
Vegans
-
Someone taking high doses of folate supplements
Frage 40
Frage
*** What are some other functions of Vitamin C in the body?
Antworten
-
Coenzyme for hydroxylation of prolyl-residues of collagen
-
Coenzyme for hydroxylation of lysyl-residues of collagen
-
Antioxidants preventing oxidative damage caused by free radicals
Frage 41
Antworten
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidized yields 2 molecules of retinal
Frage 42
Antworten
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from oxidation of retinal
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidized yields 2 molecules of retinal
Frage 43
Frage
What is retinoic acid?
Antworten
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidation yields 2 molecules of retinal
Frage 44
Frage
What is Beta-Carotene?
Antworten
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidation yields 2 molecules of retinal
Frage 45
Frage
Where is preformed vitamin A found?
Antworten
-
In animal foods
-
In plants
-
In olive oil
-
In whole wheat bread
Frage 46
Frage
Where is provitamins A found?
Antworten
-
In plants
-
In animal foods
-
In olive oil
-
In whole wheat bread
Frage 47
Frage
What are preformed vitamin A
Frage 48
Frage
What are provitamins A compounds?
Frage 49
Frage
what can vitamin A deficiency cause?
Antworten
-
Light blindness
-
Weak bones
-
Macrocyclic anaemia
-
Fat retention
Frage 50
Frage
What is cholecalciferol made in the skin from?
Antworten
-
Cholesterol
-
Action of sunlight
-
Vitamin A
-
Amino acids
Frage 51
Frage
What is cholecalciferol the active form of?
Antworten
-
Vitamin D
-
Vitamin C
-
Vitamin A
-
Vitamin E
Frage 52
Frage
What does vitamin D do in the body?
Antworten
-
Maintains blood levels of calcium and phosphorus for bone health
-
Maintains normal function of parathyroid gland and the immune system
-
Prenevts certain types of cancer and heart disease
-
Protects against free radicals
Frage 53
Frage
What is the only form of Vitamin E that can meet human needs?
Antworten
-
Alpha-tocopherol
-
Beta-tocopherol
-
Gamma-tocopherol
-
Delta-tocopherol
Frage 54
Frage
What is the main source of alpha-tocopherol?
Antworten
-
Sunflower seeds
-
White rice
-
Lentils
-
Milk
Frage 55
Frage
*** what is synthetic alpha-tocopherol made of?
Frage 56
Frage
Where is most vitamin E then in the body?
Antworten
-
Liver
-
Spleen
-
Stomach
-
Intestines
Frage 57
Frage
What delivers vitamin E to the tissues in the body?
Antworten
-
Lipoproteins
-
Catalysts
-
Carrier enzymes
-
Amalase
-
Lipase
Frage 58
Frage
What does vitamin E function primarily as?
Antworten
-
A fat soluble antioxidant
-
A water soluble antioxidant
-
A fat soluble reducing agent
-
A water soluble reducing agent
Frage 59
Frage
**** What is absorbed vitamin E incorporated into?
Antworten
-
Chylomicrons
-
Ascorbic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
Frage 60
Frage
What is vitamin E necessary for?
Antworten
-
Reproductive function
-
Bone structure
-
Breakdown of fat
-
Kidney function
Frage 61
Frage
What does vitamin E protect?
Antworten
-
Unsaturated fatty acid cells in cell membranes
-
Saturated fatty acid cells in cell membrane
-
Phospholipids in cell membrane
-
Free radicals in cell membranes
Frage 62
Frage
How does Vitamin E protect the cell membrane?
Frage 63
Frage
*** What can consumption in excess of fat soluble vitamins do?
Frage 64
Frage
*** What is riobflavin essential for?
Frage 65
Frage
*** What is niacin essential to?
Antworten
-
Energy producing and synthesis reactions
-
Just energy producing reactions
-
Just energy synthesis reactions
Frage 66
Frage
Which of these vitamins are water soluble?
Frage 67
Frage
Label the molecules
Frage 68
Frage
A metabolite of tryptophan can also be used in synthesis of NAD+
Frage 69
Frage
Biotin in the body is important for ...
Frage 70
Frage
The active form of biotin is a coenzyme that adds COOH to molecules
Frage 71
Frage
Pantothenic acid in the body is needed for...
Antworten
-
Synthesis of fatty acids
-
Synthesis of cholesterol
-
Energy production
Frage 72
Frage
The active form of pantothenic acid is...
Frage 73
Frage
Label the forms of vitamin B 6
Antworten
-
pyridoxal
-
pyridoxal phosphate
-
pyridoxamine
-
pyridoxine
-
isoniazid
Frage 74
Frage
An isoniazid-anti TB drug can induce vitamin B6 deficiency by forming an inactive derivative with pyridoxal phosphate.
Frage 75
Frage
Vitamin B6 in the body is important for...
Frage 76
Frage
Folate coenzymes are needed in the body for...
Antworten
-
Transferring chemical groups containing a single carbon atom
-
Synthesis of DNA
-
Metabolism of some amino acids
-
Metabolism of fatty acids
-
Energy production
Frage 77
Frage
Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that higher dietary folate intake and blood folate levels are associated with higher risks of certain cancers
Frage 78
Frage
Choline is needed ....
Antworten
-
To synthesize a number of important molecules
-
As a source of carbon atoms
-
For energy synthesis
-
For metabolism of fatty acids
Frage 79
Frage
Vitamin A effects cell differentiation through its effect of gene expression
Frage 80
Frage
Vitamin K has 2 forms...
Antworten
-
Phylloquinone - found in plants
-
Menaquinone - found in fish oils and meats
-
Menaquinone - can be synthesized by bacteria
-
Phylloquinone x can be synthesized in bacteria
Frage 81
Frage
Vitamin K can be used in the body for ...