Frage 1
Frage
The tendency for test takers to agree on most of the items is called a(n)
Frage 2
Frage
This test item is an example of a
Antworten
-
polytomous format
-
dichotomous format
-
Likert format
-
category format
Frage 3
Frage
Distractors that are obviously incorrect
Antworten
-
lower the reliability of the test
-
increase the reliability of the test
-
have no impact on the reliability of the test
-
reduce the likelihood of correct guessing
Frage 4
Frage
True-false examinations use
Antworten
-
a dichotomous format
-
a polytomous format.
-
a Likert format
-
a category format.
Frage 5
Frage
In multiple choice examinations, incorrect alternatives are called
Antworten
-
flags
-
non-categories
-
distractors
-
miss rates
Frage 6
Frage
The expected level of chance performance, for a 200-item multiple-choice exam with four choice alternatives, is
Antworten
-
25 correct
-
50 correct
-
75 correct
-
100 correct
Frage 7
Frage
In order to correct for guessing
Antworten
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a correction formula can be used.
-
distractors should be eliminated.
-
the number of items should be increased.
-
distractors should be increased.
Frage 8
Frage
Suppose that you are taking a multiple choice test where there is no correction for guessing. If you aren't sure of the answer,
Frage 9
Frage
What describes the chances that a low-ability test taker will obtain each score?
Frage 10
Frage
What format do some personality tests use because it requires an absolute judgment?
Antworten
-
multiple-choice
-
Likert
-
dichotomous
-
category
Frage 11
Frage
Which item format can best be factor analyzed to find which ones group together?
Antworten
-
multiple-choice
-
Likert
-
dichotommous
-
forced-choice
Frage 12
Frage
Suppose you got 75 items correct on a 100-item, six alternative, multiple-choice exam. What would your score be after we corrected for guessing?
Frage 13
Frage
Under what circumstance is it NOT to your advantage to guess on a multiple-choice exam?
Antworten
-
when you are making a "wild guess" and a correction formula is being used
-
in any test situation where you are making a "wild guess"
-
when you can rule out one or more of the alternatives as being incorrect
-
when the guessing threshold is low
Frage 14
Frage
The difference between Likert scales and category formats is that
Antworten
-
category formats are used only in health settings.
-
category formats tends to be dichotomous while Likert scales tends to be polytomous.
-
category formats tend to have a smaller number of choices.
-
Likert scales tend to have a smaller number of choices.
Frage 15
Frage
A test format that is typically used for attitude measurement is the
Antworten
-
checklist format
-
dichotomous format
-
category format
-
Likert format
Frage 16
Frage
When distractors are likely to be selected as alternative responses on multiple-choice tests,
Frage 17
Frage
One method for measuring chronic pain asks the respondent to group statements according to how accurately they describe his/her discomfort. This would be an example of the
Antworten
-
Q-sort format
-
checklist format
-
Likert format
-
category format
Frage 18
Frage
The following is an item from an attitude scale:
Physical punishment is essential in order to control children.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither agree or disagree
Agree
Strongly agree
This item is in the
Antworten
-
category format
-
Likert format
-
dichotomous format
-
polytomous format
Frage 19
Frage
One problem with the use of category rating scales is that
Antworten
-
many respondents are confused by dichotomous formats.
-
responses are sometimes influenced by the context in which objects are rated.
-
rating scales must be at least 100 points in order to be meaningfully interpreted.
-
category rating scale data do not have ordinal scale property.
Frage 20
Frage
Describing the chances that low-ability test takers will obtain each score is called the
Antworten
-
dichotomous format.
-
polytomous format.
-
guessing threshold.
-
50% threshold.
Frage 21
Frage
In general, studies have indicated that the race of the examiner
Antworten
-
should be the same as that of the subject.
-
should be different than that of the subject.
-
is unrelated to test performance.
-
is not as important as sex of the examiner.
Frage 22
Frage
Studies on the effect of the race of the tester have demonstrated that
Antworten
-
African-American children consistently score higher when they are tested by African-American examiners.
-
African-American children consistently score lower when they are tested by African-American examiners.
-
White children consistently score higher when they are tested by White examiners.
-
that the race of the examiner does not have a significant effect on the test scores of African-American or White children.
Frage 23
Frage
For children up through about the 3rd grade, a friendly examiner
Antworten
-
significantly affects performance on a test.
-
does not significantly affect performance on a test.
-
increased IQ scores by nearly one standard deviation.
-
decreased IQ scores by nearly one standard deviation.
Frage 24
Frage
Dominic, a Caucasian male, is in the first grade and his reading skills are being assessed for placement next year. His teacher is out sick on the day of his assessment test. You can expect his test score to be
Antworten
-
substantially higher than if the test were administered by the regular teacher
-
unaffected by the change in examiner.
-
significantly lower as a result of an unfamiliar examiner
-
nothing more than a reflection of his reading ability
Frage 25
Frage
Studies have demonstrated that
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-
disapproving comments by an examiner can hinder test performance.
-
disapproving comments by the examiner can actually motivate children and enhance their performance.
-
too much approval by the examiner can hinder performance.
-
there is no relationship between the examiner's comments and test performance.
Frage 26
Frage
The "Rosenthal effect" occurs when
Antworten
-
race of the tester produces a bias.
-
the administrators' expectations influence the respondents' scores.
-
test-takers do poorly because they are fatigued.
-
the gender of the test administrator is different than that of the examinee.
Frage 27
Frage
Rosenthal asserted that expectancy effects are likely to result from subtle uses of
Antworten
-
reinforcement
-
nonverbal communication
-
disapproving comments
-
gender and racial bias
Frage 28
Frage
Research on the effects of examiners' expectations upon test scores have shown that
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-
examiners' expectations influence scores only when rapport has developed.
-
examiners' expectations have little effect upon test scores.
-
there is inconsistency with regard to the effect of examiners' expectations
-
too few studies have been done to draw any conclusions.
Frage 29
Frage
The school board decided to send professional test administrators into the schools in an attempt to establish stricter standardization procedures for the administration of IQ tests. If you are from a socio-economically disadvantaged area, you can expect that the test scores for your school district will
Antworten
-
benefit greatly from the use of outside examiners.
-
be equal to the scores received by students in upper socio-economic groups.
-
be more negatively impacted by the use of unfamiliar examiners than for wealthier districts.
-
be more positively impacted by the use of unfamiliar examiners than for wealthier districts.
Frage 30
Frage
Studies on the effect of reinforcement upon intelligence test performance by African-American children (by Terrell and colleagues) suggest that
Antworten
-
African-American children will improve their performance if given simple verbal praise such as "Excellent performance".
-
African-American children will not be affected by the administration of tangible awards.
-
only "culturally relevant" verbal praise will help boost performance by African-American children.
-
culturally specific feedback such as "Nice job, blood" alienates African-American youngsters and may damage test performance.
Frage 31
Frage
Mrs. Morgan and Mrs. Malcolm are African-American and only want an African-American examiner to administer an IQ test to their children. They
Antworten
-
are justifiably concerned that their children's scores will be adversely affected by a Caucasian examiner.
-
are operating under the widely held myth that the race of the examiner impedes performance of African-American children.
-
realize that strict standards for proper test administration do not exist.
-
realize that it is important to have an examiner that is new and unknown to the test-taker.
Frage 32
Frage
Mr. and Mrs. Lozano have recently moved to Ohio from Mexico and have been notified that their son Reuben will be given an English IQ test to determine school placement. They should
Antworten
-
not be concerned about the language of the test because one of the secretaries has offered to translate.
-
be pleased because the school is hiring a professional to translate the test especially for Reuben.
-
ask the school to only use a test that has been translated and subjected to reliability and validity studies in Spanish speaking populations.
-
realize that by testing their son in English, they are helping him to acculturate to his new environment much faster
Frage 33
Frage
Because situational variables can affect test scores, testing requires
Antworten
-
standardized conditions.
-
at least two test administrators.
-
a test administrator and an observer.
-
test administrators with similar backgrounds and characteristics.
Frage 34
Frage
Patty has just received a graduate degree in psychology and has been hired by a local organization to administer the WAIS-R. They should
Antworten
-
have no qualms about her qualifications for this position because she has a degree.
-
have no qualms about her qualifications because her program required that she engage in at least 5 practice administrations of this test.
-
be aware that errors are likely to be high unless she has completed at least 10 practice sessions.
-
realize test administer training is a highly standardized process with high quality standards.
Frage 35
Frage
Mrs. Collins and Mrs. Grey both administered the same IQ test to their regular classes by reading instructions, refraining from providing any verbal feedback, and generally following strict procedural guidelines. Even though the classes were comparable, Mrs. Grey's class had much lower test scores than Mrs. Collins. It is likely that
Antworten
-
the instructions were not clear.
-
standard test administration does not work.
-
some subtle non-verbal cue or body language affected scores.
-
the race of the teachers affected test scores.
Frage 36
Frage
The Rosenthal effect
Antworten
-
appears to be consistent but relatively small.
-
is limited to human subjects
-
has been consistently replicated
-
shows no gender effect
Frage 37
Frage
Worry, emotionality, and lack of self-confidence are the three components of
Antworten
-
test anxiety
-
expectancy effects
-
human factors
-
reactivity
Frage 38
Frage
As sample size increases, expectancy effects tend to
Antworten
-
become more important
-
decrease
-
remain stable
-
increase
Frage 39
Frage
The study by Terrell, et al. in which four groups of African-American children were provided four different kinds of feedback shows
Antworten
-
an effect of race of examiner.
-
no difference between types of feedback.
-
the importance of culturally relevant rewards.
-
that tangible rewards outperform any verbal feedback.
Frage 40
Frage
Why is it of concern that there is not a standardized protocol for training on how to administer the WAIS-R?
Antworten
-
Individuals with only undergraduate degrees are permitted to administer it, making training especially important.
-
The courts have repeatedly ordered the development of standardized training for the WAIS-R, but it has not been done.
-
There is no evidence that training will improve the ability of examiners to administer and score the WAIS-R.
-
Research indicates that errors are common until examiners have administered 10 practice tests and declines thereafter.
Frage 41
Frage
The personnel manager of ABC Company asked all of the applicants she interviewed the same questions in the same systematic fashion. She was conducting a(n) ____ interview.
Antworten
-
nondirective
-
unstructured
-
structured
-
diagnostic
Frage 42
Frage
An interview in which the person being interviewed is allowed to determine the direction of the interview is called a(n) ____ interview.
Antworten
-
nondirective
-
directive
-
structured
-
selection
Frage 43
Frage
Which of the following differentiates between an interview and psychological tests in general?
Antworten
-
how they are evaluated
-
whether they are administered individually or in groups
-
whether there is a standardized format
-
their importance for gathering information in clinical settings
Frage 44
Frage
Which test cannot be properly used without interview data?
Frage 45
Frage
The reciprocal nature of interviewing means
Antworten
-
the participants of an interview do not influence each other's mood.
-
the participants of an interview are interdependent upon and influence each other.
-
an interview involves high activity among both participants.
-
if the interviewer is tense and anxious, the interviewee will tend to calm down.
Frage 46
Frage
Studies have shown that in an interview
Antworten
-
high activity in one participant is associated with reduced activity in the other.
-
high activity in one participant is associated with increased activity in the other.
-
the activity of one participant has nothing to do with the activity of the other.
-
high activity in one participant tends to lead to hostility in the other.
Frage 47
Frage
Criminal interrogations can result in misleading information if an interrogator is highly active because
Antworten
-
they make the suspect nervous and prone to make misleading statements.
-
the suspect's activity level increases, which increases the interrogator's suspiciousness.
-
hyperactive interrogators tend to miss important cues given by the suspect.
-
active interrogators tend to cause the suspect to clam up and refuse to make a statement.
Frage 48
Frage
David had graduated and secured two job interviews. He was quite nervous and in one interview, the interview team bickered among themselves and was rude to each other. In the other, the interview team was calm, relaxed, and welcoming. When he later thought about the interviews, David described himself as feeling very tense and even frightened in the first interview, and calm and confident in the second one. This is consistent with the idea of
Antworten
-
mirroring
-
social facilitation
-
active listening
-
probing
Frage 49
Frage
During a job interview, Geoffrey found his behavior began to mimic the behavior of the nervous and disorganized interviewer. This is best described as an example of
Antworten
-
social facilitation
-
halo effect
-
interpersonal attraction
-
paraphrasing
Frage 50
Frage
The degree to which one person is able to influence another is known as
Antworten
-
interpersonal attraction
-
interpersonal influence
-
social facilitation
-
halo effect
Frage 51
Frage
Social facilitation refers to
Antworten
-
the phenomenon that we tend to act like the models around us
-
a method of interviewing
-
the best method of psychotherapy
-
a method of enhancing human relationships
Frage 52
Frage
Good interview behavior is more a matter of ____ than ____.
Frage 53
Frage
One study (Saccuzzo, 1975) found that the most important factor in a patient's evaluations of the quality of an interview was
Antworten
-
the seriousness of their concerns
-
their mood state
-
the therapist's orientation
-
their perceptions of the interview's feelings
Frage 54
Frage
In social psychology, the degree to which people share a feeling of understanding, mutual respect, and similarity is known as
Antworten
-
social facilitation
-
interpersonal influence
-
interpersonal attraction
-
halo effect
Frage 55
Frage
Deliberately inducing discomfort or anxiety in an interviewee
Antworten
-
should always be avoided.
-
is likely to increase how much information an interviewee reveals
-
is related to the interviewer's training.
-
is appropriate for certain types of interviews.
Frage 56
Frage
The fact that Roger is more impressed by how much his therapist appeared to care, rather than the numerous diplomas and certificates on the therapist’s walls, suggests that Roger will likely evaluate the quality of the interview as
Antworten
-
poor
-
average
-
high
-
indeterminate
Frage 57
Antworten
-
will put the interviewee on the defensive
-
do no carry judgmental overtone
-
should usually be avoided in an interview
-
communicate a deep sense of empathy
Frage 58
Frage
Which of the following directs anger toward the interviewee?
Antworten
-
evaluative statements
-
probing statements
-
hostile statements
-
reassuring statement
Frage 59
Frage
Which of the following communicates "I don't approve of this aspect of you?"
Antworten
-
evaluative statements
-
probing statements
-
hostile statements
-
reassuring statements
Frage 60
Frage
Which of the following demands more information than the interviewee would be willing to provide voluntarily?
Antworten
-
evaluative statements
-
probing statements
-
hostile statements
-
reassuring statements
Frage 61
Frage
What method of studying intelligence examines the properties of a test by evaluating its correlates and underlying dimensions?
Antworten
-
factor analysis
-
psychometric
-
information-processing
-
cognitive
Frage 62
Frage
Dr. Kang is investigating the mechanisms that underlie how humans learn and solve problems. She is using the ____ approach to investigate human intelligence.
Antworten
-
information-processing
-
psychometric
-
cognitive
-
psychophysics
Frage 63
Frage
Which of the following needs was the impetus for the development of intelligence testing?
Antworten
-
classification of military recruits
-
identification of high quality civil service recruits
-
identification of individuals with intellectual disabilities
-
creation of vocational and technical colleges
Frage 64
Frage
In research investigating human intelligence, focusing on how humans adapt to real-world demands is called a ____ approach.
Antworten
-
information-processing
-
psychometric
-
cognitive
-
psychophysics
Frage 65
Frage
What is the oldest approach to investigating human intelligence?
Antworten
-
information-processing
-
psychometric
-
cognitive
-
psychophysics
Frage 66
Frage
The finding that a correlation exists between scores on all standardized intelligence tests and ____ has been a problem in defining intelligence.
Antworten
-
gender
-
profession
-
chronological age
-
socioeconomic status
Frage 67
Frage
Which of the following is part of Binet's definition of intelligence?
Frage 68
Frage
Binet believed that human intelligence was expressed through
Antworten
-
socioeconomic status and level of education
-
positive self concept and gender.
-
judgment, attention, and reasoning
-
ethnicity and socioeconomic status
Frage 69
Frage
Binet's two major principles of test construction were
Antworten
-
general mental ability and age differentiation
-
reliability and validity
-
norms and standardization
-
age differentiation and age scale
Frage 70
Frage
With the principle of age differentiation
Antworten
-
one can find the equivalent age capabilities of a child independently of chronological age.
-
one can find the equivalent age capabilities of a child if their chronological age is known.
-
the deviation IQ can be ascertained
-
Binet freed himself from the burden of identifying each independent aspect of intelligence.
Frage 71
Frage
The tasks that Binet used to differentiate between age groups could be completed by what percentage of the children in a particular age group?
Antworten
-
at least 50%
-
between 50% and 75%
-
between 66.67% and 75%
-
100%
Frage 72
Frage
The concept that older children have greater capabilities than younger children is referred to as
Frage 73
Frage
What technique is more commonly used today in order to evaluate age equivalent capabilities?
Antworten
-
item response theory
-
factor analysis
-
mental age
-
predictive validity
Frage 74
Frage
With the concept of general intelligence
Antworten
-
Binet's search for tasks could be unrestricted.
-
Binet was forced to ascertain the relative contribution of each element to the whole.
-
the value of a task could be judged in terms of its correlation with the total score.
-
each element of intelligence must first be identified.
Frage 75
Frage
Which of the following is an implication of Binet’s concept of general mental ability?
Antworten
-
Individual items that do not correlate well with the total score can be eliminated.
-
A broad range of diverse items must be included
-
Variability in the ability to perform specific skills should be minimal.
-
Those who are high in general mental ability will also be high in specific mental abilities
Frage 76
Frage
A major implication of general intelligence is that
Antworten
-
a person's intelligence can best be represented by a single score.
-
human intelligence is broad and general
-
human intelligence is the interaction among a broad range of specific abilities.
-
human intelligence refers to good judgment, reasoning, concentration, attention, etc.
Frage 77
Frage
To support the notion of g, Spearman developed a statistical technique called
Antworten
-
correlation
-
principle components
-
factor analysis.
-
analysis of variance.
Frage 78
Frage
Spearman suggested that the variance that is shared by a set of tests/scores represents
Antworten
-
age differentiation.
-
positive manifold.
-
the g factor.
-
factor analysis.
Frage 79
Frage
According to Spearman, what percentage of the variance in a set of mental ability tests is represented by the g factor?
Antworten
-
50%
-
between 66.67% and 75%
-
75%
-
100%
Frage 80
Frage
According to the concept of general intelligence, a person's intelligence score actually represents
Antworten
-
differences in unique ability stemming from a specific task.
-
the additive score on a broad variety of tasks.
-
the shared variance underlying performance on a diverse set of tasks.
-
abilities on a particular test as compared to others within the same age group
Frage 81
Frage
Among his motivations for the development of the Wechsler scales of intelligence, was David Wechsler's belief that
Antworten
-
one underlying mental ability was solely responsible for the concept of intelligence.
-
a single intelligence score was the most appropriate measure of human intelligence.
-
human intelligence was significantly influenced by nonintellectual factors.
-
existing intelligence scales were adequate to measure the intelligence of all age groups.
Frage 82
Frage
Because he used a point scale, Wechsler was able to
Antworten
-
determine age level performance.
-
assign points on an all or none basis.
-
only analyze one area of ability.
-
group similar content items together.
Frage 83
Frage
The separate subscale used to measure nonverbal intelligence in the Wechsler scale is called a(n)
Antworten
-
point scale
-
performance scale
-
memory scale
-
age scale.
Frage 84
Frage
One of the most influential advocates of the role of nonintellectual factors in intelligence tests is
Antworten
-
Binet.
-
Terman.
-
Wechsler.
-
Rapaport.
Frage 85
Frage
A major criticism of the Binet scale by Wechsler was that
Antworten
-
the Binet Scale was not an appropriate measure of adult intelligence.
-
the concept of an age scale was outdated.
-
it was not reliable.
-
the norms did not include non-whites.
Frage 86
Frage
The original Wechsler scale was the first one that
Antworten
-
was capable of directly comparing verbal and nonverbal measures.
-
used a large, representative sample.
-
used a performance scale.
-
could be generalized to various populations.
Frage 87
Frage
The Wechsler-Bellevue
Antworten
-
was well standardized.
-
had a normative sample consisting of a representative sample of adults.
-
included a standardization sample that was larger than any before or since.
-
used separate subscales to measure adult intelligence
Frage 88
Frage
The Wechsler tests employs a(n)
Frage 89
Antworten
-
items are grouped according to age level and content.
-
points are assigned to each item.
-
items cannot be presented in order of increasing difficulty.
-
subjects receive some points even for items that are missed.
Frage 90
Frage
The concept of a Performance Scale
Antworten
-
was introduced by Wechsler in 1939
-
was introduced prior to the development of the Wechsler-Bellevue.
-
was found to be more applicable to adults than to children.
-
was found to be more applicable to children than to adults.
Frage 91
Frage
Which of the following is true of the Wechsler Scales?
Antworten
-
Items have content validity for adults.
-
They are most useful with adults.
-
They are administered in groups
-
They have limited reliability in clinical settings.
Frage 92
Frage
The main reason for including a performance scale in a measure of intelligence is to
Antworten
-
facilitate scoring.
-
increase ease of administration.
-
improve examiner-examinee rapport
-
overcome language, cultural, and educational factors.
Frage 93
Frage
Which of the following is a component of Wechsler's definition of intelligence?
Frage 94
Frage
Which of the following is true of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale?
Antworten
-
It is appropriate for children but not adults.
-
Its normative sample was non-representative
-
It has a verbal scale, but, unlike the other Wechsler scales, not a performance scale.
-
It is unfair to older adults.
Frage 95
Frage
The information subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Antworten
-
concentration.
-
anxiety.
-
range of knowledge.
-
abstract thinking.
Frage 96
Frage
The comprehension subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Frage 97
Frage
The arithmetic subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Antworten
-
concentration.
-
alertness to details.
-
planning ability.
-
common sense or judgment
Frage 98
Frage
The similarities subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Frage 99
Frage
The digit span subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Antworten
-
alertness to details.
-
nonverbal reasoning.
-
visual-motor functioning
-
anxiety.
Frage 100
Frage
Which WAIS-IV subtest asks questions such as, "What should you do if you see an injured person lying in the street?"
Antworten
-
information
-
comprehension
-
similarities
-
picture arrangement