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Contemplative neuroscience refers to the study of the underlying neurobiology, psychology, and phenomenology of human contemplative experience.
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Mindfulness is a state, trait, and process.
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Which of the following are used to measure mindfulness?
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Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory
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Cognitive, Affective Mindfulness Scale
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Five-facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
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Mindful Attention Awareness Scale
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When used as an intervention, which mindfulness technique is recommended?
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8 weekly group classes (26 hours total) and 1 all day intensive class
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45 minutes/day, 6 days/week over 8 weeks (36 hours total)
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Light Hatha yoga throughout 8 weeks
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Trying really hard to think about nothing for at least 5 minutes/day
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Which of the following are appropriate mindfulness practices for in-home use?
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Focused Attention (Breath)
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Open Monitoring (Body-scan, Insight)
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Ethical Enhancement (loving kindness, forgiveness)
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Tai Chi (movement)
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What is the purpose of Mindfulness Medication (or Open Monitoring Meditation)
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Diffuse attention towards any mental objects that naturally arise
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Sitting in silence and seeing what happens
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Just sit cross-legged on the floor and close your eyes. Something good will happen.
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When considering mindfulness as a method, the three areas to put into practice are self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence
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Focused Attention medication includes
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Breath and Body focus
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Focus on an image
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Focus on a sound
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Another way of thinking about Open Monitoring meditation is as mental noting and labeling
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Ethical Enhancement meditation includes
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loving kindness, metta, forgiveness, and compassion
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loving kindness, goodness, forgiveness, and active listening
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patience, metta, forgiveness, and deep breathing
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Meditation practices included movement-based practices such as yoga, tai chi, and qigong
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The costs and benefits of self-generated thought are context dependent
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Self generated thought under conditions that demand continuous attention is productive because it is associtated with capacities such as creativity, patience, and better cognitive control.
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Mindfulness leads to self awareness, self regulation and self-transcendence by which neurocognitive mechanisms?
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Neuroimaging research has shown that mindfulness can lead to decreased activity in brain areas that are responsible for mind-wandering
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Mindfulness can lead to increased activity and size in brain areas responsible for higher order attentional networks, body awareness, and skill learning
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The rostral PFC supports mechanisms that enable us to attend either to environmental stimuli or self-generated "thoughts in our head."