NRS-1 Questions 2

Question

The original network that ultimately became the internet was called

Answer 1

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

Answer 2

Stanford University

Answer 3

U.S. Department of Defence

Answer 4

Reliability

Answer 5

Interoperability

Answer 6

Support for Diverse network Mediums

Answer 7

Support for global addressing

Answer 8

Support for end-to-end checksums

Answer 9

Support for applications such as email

Answer 10

Support for fragmentation and reassembly

Answer 11

Layer 7 - Email

Answer 12

Layer 3 - TCP

Answer 13

Layer 4 - UDP

Answer 14

Layer 2 - PPP

Answer 15

Requests for information

Answer 16

Protocol revisions

Answer 17

Requests for comments

Answer 18

Requests for configurations

Answer 19

sites at different tiers cannot communicate

Answer 20

tier 3 providers don't use TCP/IP

Answer 21

Only tier 1 providers provide content

Answer 22

A single provider could offer SLAs to each location

Answer 23

standard dial-up service

Answer 24

live video streaming from sports events

Answer 25

Email service

Answer 26

Basic web service

Answer 27

connectionless with no guarantee of delivery

Answer 28

connectionless with guarantee of delivery

Answer 29

connection-oriented with guarantee of delivery

Answer 30

none of the above

Answer 31

HTTP, IP, TCP, Ethernet

Answer 32

HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet

Answer 33

HTTP, UDP, IP, Ethernet

Answer 34

HTTP, IP, Ethernet

Answer 35

Ethernet only

Answer 36

TCP and IP only

Answer 37

IP and Ethernet only

Answer 38

Remove the source layer 2 address, add its own, and forward the packet

Answer 39

Remove the layer 2 addresses and replace them with new addresses

Answer 40

Remove the entire layer 2 header and create a new one based on the next-hop interface

Answer 41

Leave the original layer 2 header but forward the packet based on the destination address

Answer 42

it supports multiple chassis types

Answer 43

it support OSPF, IS-IS, RIP and BGP

Answer 44

It is used primarily for Ethernet aggregation

Answer 45

it can be managed via a console port or a dedicated Ethernet port on the SF/CPM

Answer 46

bof.cf - 7750/7450 confirmation file

Answer 47

cpm.tim - IOM image file

Answer 48

config.cfg - Back-up configuration file

Answer 49

boot.ldr - Bootstrap image file

Answer 50

shutdown - this command is used to disable an interface or protocol

Answer 51

exit all - logs out of the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR/7450 ESS device

Answer 52

? - lists all commands in the current context

Answer 53

[TAB] - This command is used for assistance with command completion

Answer 54

IOMs plug into MDAs.

Answer 55

MDAs plug into SFPs.

Answer 56

SF/CPMs plug into IOMs.

Answer 57

IOMs plug into the chassis.

Answer 58

config.cfg

Answer 59

boot.ldr, bof.cfg, system image, config.cfg

Answer 60

system image, boot.ldr, config.cfg, bof.cfg

Answer 61

boot.ldr, system image, bof.cfg, config.cfg

Answer 62

boot.ldr, bof.cfg, config.cfg, system image

Answer 63

To ensure that the system saves routing table information when it reboots

Answer 64

To ensure that changes to the bof.cfg are saved

Answer 65

To ensure synchronization with the 5620 SAM

Answer 66

To ensure that config changes are stored in the config.cfg

Answer 67

no shutdown

Answer 68

interface enable

Answer 69

interface on

Answer 70

IOM, port, MDA

Answer 71

Port, MDA, IOM

Answer 72

IOM, MDA, port

Answer 73

MDA, port, IOM

Answer 74

Log-ids 99 and 100 are reserved for system usage.

Answer 75

You must configure at least one input stream for a log-id.

Answer 76

You must configure a filter for each log-id.

Answer 77

You must configure the destination for the events from the log-id.

Answer 78

show config

Answer 79

admin display-config

Answer 80

display config

Answer 81

show admin config

Answer 82

The location of the primary boot image

Answer 83

The list of IOM cards in the chassis

Answer 84

The persist value

Answer 85

The location of the primary config file

Answer 86

Cell-Relay

Answer 87

Provide support for multiple upper-layer protocols.

Answer 88

Support the connection of multiple devices on a single link.

Answer 89

Support authentication.

Answer 90

Support data integrity via a CRC on frame contents.

Answer 91

AAL3/4—Connection-oriented service

Answer 92

AAL5—Connectionless service

Answer 93

AAL2—Variable bit rate traffic

Answer 94

AAL1—High bit rate traf

Answer 95

Switched Ethernet

Answer 96

Wireless LAN

Answer 97

Broadcasts are received by every host.

Answer 98

Multicast is newer technology.

Answer 99

Broadcasts are processed by every host.

Answer 100

Multicast provides multiple addresses for flexibility.

Answer 101

They are reserved for future use.

Answer 102

They are legacy fields from older versions of PPP headers.

Answer 103

PPP is based on the HDLC frame format.

Answer 104

PPP can be adapted for use on multi-point networks and might need the fields.

Answer 105

To support latency-sensitive applications like voice traffic

Answer 106

To provide less overhead on ATM switches

Answer 107

To support the use of multiple classes of service

Answer 108

To provide the ability to do switching in hardware

Answer 109

It determines the amount of data in the cell.

Answer 110

It maps data from upper-layer service classes to ATM cells.

Answer 111

It adapts Ethernet frames to ATM cells.

Answer 112

It wraps a header around the ATM cell.

Answer 113

Thinnet and Thicknet

Answer 114

10baseT and 100baseT

Answer 115

DIX Ethernet and Ethernet II

Answer 116

802.3 and Ethernet II

Answer 117

A signal might be too weak to travel farther than the maximum distance.

Answer 118

Every station on the wire had to be able to “detect” a collision in order to function properly.

Answer 119

Too many taps in the cable would weaken the wire.

Answer 120

Thicknet cable came in fixed lengths.

Answer 121

A 4-byte number in four parts

Answer 122

A 4-byte number in two parts

Answer 123

A 6-byte number in two parts

Answer 124

A 6-byte number in four parts

Answer 125

Just start transmitting.

Answer 126

Listen for other stations transmitting; if none, then begin transmitting.

Answer 127

Transmit whenever it receives the token.

Answer 128

Issue a transmit request, and transmit when given authorization to do so.

Answer 129

This is impossible on half-duplex.

Answer 130

The signal results in a collision, the stations stop, and the stations all wait the same amount of time to retransmit.

Answer 131

The signal results in a collision, and the stations retransmit based on a configured priority.

Answer 132

The signal results in a collision, and the stations stop and retransmit after waiting a random amount of time.

Answer 133

10 Mb Ethernet—Fiber or copper cable

Answer 134

100 Mb Ethernet—Fiber or copper cable

Answer 135

1 Gig Ethernet—Fiber cable only

Answer 136

All of the above are correct.

Answer 137

All unicast ports

Answer 138

All except the port that received the frame

Answer 139

Hubs forward broadcast traffic out every port, switches do not.

Answer 140

Switches eliminate the need for thicknet cabling.

Answer 141

Switches support multiple physical connections to hosts.

Answer 142

Switches forward unicast traffic only to a specific destination port.

Answer 143

They protect against single or multiple link failures.

Answer 144

They can contain up to eight physical links.

Answer 145

They can protect against a switch failure by calculating multiple paths to the root.

Answer 146

They can be configured to enter a down state if a certain number of links in the bundle fail.

Answer 147

It calculates a root bridge.

Answer 148

It uses a cost value on each port to determine the path to the root bridge.

Answer 149

It ensures a loop-free topology.

Answer 150

It provides load-sharing capability.

Answer 151

They can increase the security of your network.

Answer 152

They can interconnect multiple broadcast domains.

Answer 153

They can limit the amount of broadcast traffic between groups of devices.

Answer 154

A and C but not B

Answer 155

Routers provide broadcast domain separation.

Answer 156

Hubs provide collision domain separation.

Answer 157

VLANs provide broadcast domain separation.

Answer 158

Switches provide collision domain separation.

Answer 159

Aggregates all source/destination conversations into a single conversation equally across all links

Answer 160

Uses the same physical link for each source/destination conversation

Answer 161

Statistically balances conversations based on the source MAC address

Answer 162

Distributes egress frames equally across all links in the bundle

Answer 163

Nothing because the port threshold of 2 active links has not been reached

Answer 164

The LAG begins using equal costing across all links because of the dynamic cost parameter.

Answer 165

The LAG updates its BPDUs and recalculates STP.

Answer 166

The LAG changes its OSPF cost for the bundle but takes no other action.

Answer 167

STP provides for link backup between switches.

Answer 168

A loop-free topology is more efficient.

Answer 169

Redundant paths can lead to broadcast storms and FDB instability

Answer 170

STP updates the OSPF routing protocol cost upon link failure

Answer 171

STP elects a root and selectively blocks higher cost paths to the root from each bridge.

Answer 172

STP blocks ports on all bridges that are not the root bridge.

Answer 173

STP proactively changes all paths to the root bridge so that they are equal cost.

Answer 174

STP uses BPDUs to set up a virtual path between each source and destination pair.

Answer 175

The bridge priority

Answer 176

The MAC address of the lowest switch port

Answer 177

The bridge priority unless there is a tie, and then the lowest MAC address

Answer 178

The BID unless there are multiple bridge priorities that are equal

Answer 179

The alternate port has a higher path to the root.

Answer 180

The back-up port has a lower priority.

Answer 181

The back-up port is used only when the alternate port fails.

Answer 182

The back-up port is on the same switch as the designated switch.

Answer 183

They provide for broadcast domain separation.

Answer 184

A single VLAN can exist on multiple switches.

Answer 185

They require a separate physical connection per VLAN for interswitch links.

Answer 186

They use a 12-bit VLAN ID to identify each VLAN.

Answer 187

Forwarding

Answer 188

VLAN trunking

Answer 189

VLAN tunneling

Answer 190

VLAN stacking

Answer 191

IEEE 802.1p

Answer 192

Excessive broadcasts would make the network unusable.

Answer 193

Ethernet lacks hierarchical addressing.

Answer 194

Ethernet switches cannot build forwarding tables.

Answer 195

Ethernet cables can only be of a limited length

Answer 196

It is embedded in the device’s firmware.

Answer 197

It provides for a logical hierarchy.

Answer 198

It allows for duplicate addresses on the Internet.

Answer 199

Addresses are not required to be registered if they are used on the Internet.

Answer 200

The TTL field ensures that IP packets have a limited lifetime.

Answer 201

The maximum size is 65,535 octets.

Answer 202

The total length field includes the IP header.

Answer 203

The current version is IPv5.

Answer 204

192.168.300.4

Answer 205

255.70.1.1

Answer 206

10.254.1.1

Answer 207

11,000,001

Answer 208

None of the above

Answer 209

172.18.20.4

Answer 210

200.1.1.254

Answer 211

192.168.0.1

Answer 212

It reduces the Internet routing table size.

Answer 213

You can identify the host portion of the address without the need for a mask.

Answer 214

It creates greater internal address flexibility.

Answer 215

It allows for more efficient use of address space.

Answer 216

Host 0 on the 10.1.1.0 subnet

Answer 217

Network 10.1.1.0

Answer 218

Illegal because 10.0.0.0 is a Class A

Answer 219

Subnet 10.1.1.0

Answer 220

Route aggregation

Answer 221

Classless addressing

Answer 222

2 to the power of 16

Answer 223

2 to the power of 18

Answer 224

2 to the power of 19

Answer 225

2 to the power of 24

Answer 226

10.15.255.255

Answer 227

10.15.0.255

Answer 228

10.15.127.255

Answer 229

10.15.128.255

Answer 230

subnet 10.0.0.0/16

Answer 231

subnet 10.255.0.0/16

Answer 232

subnet 10.10.10.0/16

Answer 233

host 10.10.10.0/32

Answer 234

/20 for the first eight subnets, /23 for the remaining 13

Answer 235

/20 for the first eight subnets, /24 for the remaining 13

Answer 236

/24 for all subnets

Answer 237

/19 for the first eight subnets, /24 for the remaining 13

Answer 238

Verify the IP header checksum.

Answer 239

Decrement the TTL and ensure that it is not zero.

Answer 240

Send a “received” message to the originating router.

Answer 241

Remove the existing L2 header and creates a new L2 header before forwarding the IP packet to its next destination.

Answer 242

Traditional home networks did not use routers.

Answer 243

Modern home networks can use wireless access points.

Answer 244

Modern home networks make use of a variety of new services such as Video on Demand and IP telephony.

Answer 245

Traditional home networks did not rely on the IP protocol.

Answer 246

The designated router

Answer 247

The cable modem

Answer 248

The router indicated in its BGP table

Answer 249

The default gateway

Answer 250

NAT is used for many-to-one translations.

Answer 251

NAT is intended to alleviate the need for every home user device to have a public IP address.

Answer 252

NAT typically makes use of private IP addressing.

Answer 253

A NAT router maintains a translation database to perform the address conversions.

Answer 254

The client broadcasts a discover message looking for DHCP servers.

Answer 255

All DHCP servers will broadcast an offer message.

Answer 256

A client will send a unicast accept message to the first DHCP server it receives a response from.

Answer 257

All of the above statements are true.

Answer 258

The echo receive ICMP type.

Answer 259

The echo request ICMP type.

Answer 260

The echo reply ICMP type.

Answer 261

None of the above are ICMP message types used by ping.

Answer 262

They are sent after failure to receive an Ethernet ACK.

Answer 263

They are created by routers that cannot deliver an IP packet to its destination.

Answer 264

They rely on the use of ICMP echo replies.

Answer 265

They are originated by hosts that are about to reboot.

Answer 266

The host needs to determine based on its mask that the destination host is not on its local subnet.

Answer 267

The host will issue an ARP request for the MAC address of its default gateway if it is not in its ARP cache.

Answer 268

The default gateway will determine if it needs to issue an ARP request for the destination host .

Answer 269

The default gateway will issue an ARP request for the MAC address of the originating host .

Answer 270

IP filters are not required on a router interface.

Answer 271

IP filters can filter on both IP addresses and upper-layer protocol port numbers.

Answer 272

IP filters will automatically permit IP packets by default unless otherwise configured.

Answer 273

Only one ingress and one egress filter can be applied per interface.

Answer 274

Source or destination IP address

Answer 275

Source or destination port number

Answer 276

ICMP message type

Answer 277

Originating host name

Answer 278

ip-filter 10 create

Answer 279

default-action discard

Answer 280

entry 1 create

Answer 281

match dst-ip 10.5.1.0/24

Answer 282

match src-ip 11.1.1.0/24

Answer 283

match dst-ip 5.1.1.1/32

Answer 284

A and B together

Answer 285

None of the above

Answer 286

ip-filter 1 create

Answer 287

default-action drop

Answer 288

entry 1 create

Answer 289

match dst-ip 192.168.1.1/32

Answer 290

The filter’s default action

Answer 291

The interfaces where the filter is applied

Answer 292

The number of ingress and egress matches

Answer 293

The entries in the filter

Answer 294

Most Internet applications use a transport layer protocol.

Answer 295

B. Transport layer protocols can provide both reliable and unreliable services.

Answer 296

Transport layer protocols provide end-to-end services for applications.

Answer 297

Transport layer protocols require additional software be added to your operating system.

Answer 298

Reliable data transfer

Answer 299

Connectionless operation

Answer 300

Flow control supported

Answer 301

Full-duplex operation

Answer 302

Reliable data transfer

Answer 303

Connectionless operation

Answer 304

No flow control

Answer 305

Appropriate for real-time traffic

Answer 306

SYN—Indicates the start of a TCP connection.

Answer 307

ACK—Acknowledges that a TCP segment has been received.

Answer 308

FIN—Indicates the closing of a TCP session.

Answer 309

RST—Re-sets the sequence numbers for a TCP session.

Answer 310

SYN and ACK

Answer 311

SYN, ACK, and URG

Answer 312

The receiver’s advertised window size

Answer 313

The sender’s congestion window and the sender’s advertised window size

Answer 314

The sender’s congestion window and the receiver’s advertised window size

Answer 315

The maximum segment size and the URG pointer

Answer 316

An RSND bit from the receiving TCP process

Answer 317

Duplicate ACK numbers

Answer 318

An advertised window size of 0

Answer 319

An ICMP source quench message

Answer 320

A “request-response” application

Answer 321

An application that is sensitive to packet loss

Answer 322

An application that is sensitive to delay

Answer 323

A real-time application

Answer 324

It provides reliable data transfer.

Answer 325

It can recover gracefully from packet loss.

Answer 326

It reacts to network congestion.

Answer 327

It adds little overhead to the data transfer.

Answer 328

Name lookups are simple request-response.

Answer 329

TCP is a reliable protocol.

Answer 330

An unreliable zone transfer could result in serious name resolution discrepancies in a network.

Answer 331

UDP cannot be used for bulk file transfers.

Answer 332

The destination IP address only

Answer 333

The source and destination IP address

Answer 334

The destination IP address and the destination TCP port

Answer 335

The destination IP address, the TTL, and the ToS

Answer 336

Link state

Answer 337

It is intended for networks under a common administrative control.

Answer 338

It is used between ASes.

Answer 339

There are not as many policy enforcement features as an EGP.

Answer 340

It includes distance vector and link state protocols.

Answer 341

Routing Link Database

Answer 342

Routing Information Base

Answer 343

Routing Table

Answer 344

EGP—BGP4

Answer 345

Link state—OSPF

Answer 346

Distance vector—IS-IS

Answer 347

In small networks

Answer 348

On links with only a single path to other routers

Answer 349

When you have older routers

Answer 350

On a low-bandwidth link

Answer 351

Link state protocols send less information.

Answer 352

Link state protocols keep track of neighbors via Hello updates.

Answer 353

The shortest path algorithm is much faster to calculate than the calculation performed by a distance vector protocol.

Answer 354

Distance vector protocols rely on updates only from neighbors.

Answer 355

Distance vector sends its entire routing table in updates.

Answer 356

Distance vector does not require extensive processing to build the routing table.

Answer 357

Distance vector sends updates at timed intervals.

Answer 358

Distance vector relies on neighbors to report routing updates.

Answer 359

Spanning tree

Answer 360

Least cost

Answer 361

A static route

Answer 362

A default route

Answer 363

A floating static route

Answer 364

OSPF with the “stub area” feature

Answer 365

The routing plane

Answer 366

The control plane

Answer 367

The OSPF plane

Answer 368

The protocol plane

Answer 369

The routing table

Answer 370

The routing database

Answer 371

The link state database

Answer 372

It enters a route based on the lowest metric value.

Answer 373

It enters a route based on the highest preference value.

Answer 374

It enters a route based on the lowest preference value.

Answer 375

It enters a route for each protocol in the routing table.

Answer 376

Each router has a common view of the network.

Answer 377

Each router has a unique view of the network based on its location.

Answer 378

Each router knows about only those LSPs originated from its neighbors.

Answer 379

Each router knows about all LSPs but uses only LSPs from its neighbors to construct its view.

Answer 380

It sends Hello updates.

Answer 381

It sends its entire routing table.

Answer 382

It floods LSPs.

Answer 383

It sends its entire routing table and its neighbors’ routing tables.

Answer 384

Only by manually configuring the router

Answer 385

By flooding updates

Answer 386

Using Hello advertisements

Answer 387

Using a host table

Answer 388

It supports authentication

Answer 389

It provides a loop-free topology.

Answer 390

It uses the Shortest Path First algorithm.

Answer 391

It uses a hop count–based metric.

Answer 392

Ethernet interface

Answer 393

Chassis interface

Answer 394

MAC address

Answer 395

System interface

Answer 396

To elect a designated router

Answer 397

To uniquely identify an OSPF router

Answer 398

To trace sequence numbers

Answer 399

To support LSA flooding

Answer 400

Every 30 minutes

Answer 401

After the Hello timer expires

Answer 402

When the DR detects the BDR has failed

Answer 403

Every 30 minutes provided new information needs to be transmitted

Answer 404

The routers are physically connected on a point-to-point link.

Answer 405

The routers are on a common network segment and have exchanged database information.

Answer 406

The routers have exchanged Hello packets.

Answer 407

The routers are in a single area.

Answer 408

The DR must form an adjacency first.

Answer 409

The neighbor IP address must be configured.

Answer 410

They will automatically become adjacent provided certain OSPF configuration values match.

Answer 411

Nothing. OSPF routers on point-to-point links will always become adjacent.

Answer 412

The area ID

Answer 413

The priority

Answer 414

The Hello timer

Answer 415

The dead timer

Answer 416

The AS number

Answer 417

The OSPF MTU

Answer 418

The OSPF metric

Answer 419

The MPLS TE

Answer 420

show router ospf status

Answer 421

show router ospf links

Answer 422

show router ospf summary

Answer 423

show router ospf database

Answer 424

The area LSA

Answer 425

The router LSA

Answer 426

The network LSA

Answer 427

The summary LSA

Answer 428

Silently drop the LSA.

Answer 429

Send a rejection notice to the sending router.

Answer 430

Drop the LSA and send an acknowledgement.

Answer 431

Drop the LSA and forward it to its adjacent routers.

Answer 432

It determines the optimal route to each network.

Answer 433

It creates a loop-free path to each network.

Answer 434

It is run only on the router that originates an LSA update.

Answer 435

It runs every time a new LSA is received.

Answer 436

Exchange, Loading, SPF, Adjacent

Answer 437

Exchange, ExStart, Loading

Answer 438

ExStart, Exchange, Loading, Full

Answer 439

ExStart, Exchange, Loading, Adjacent

Answer 440

1 Gbps link = 100

Answer 441

16 Mbps link = 6,250

Answer 442

1.544 Mbps link = 64,766

Answer 443

622 Mbps link = 16

Answer 444

Handle large routing tables.

Answer 445

Distribute routing information between ASes.

Answer 446

Support routing inside a large enterprise network.

Answer 447

Provide a default route to the Internet.

Answer 448

The assignment of public AS numbers is controlled by RIRs.

Answer 449

65,001 is a private AS number.

Answer 450

An IGP is required for routing within the AS.

Answer 451

The AS usually contain routers under the control of different administrative groups.

Answer 452

Ethernet interface

Answer 453

Chassis interface

Answer 454

MAC address

Answer 455

System interface

Answer 456

They can be discovered automatically.

Answer 457

They need to be directly connected.

Answer 458

They can be in the same or different AS.

Answer 459

Not all internal BGP speakers need to have the same information about routes outside the AS.

Answer 460

TCP on a variable port

Answer 461

UDP on a fixed port

Answer 462

TCP on a fixed port

Answer 463

IP using a fixed protocol

Answer 464

To ensure that routers inside an AS have a common view of networks outside the AS

Answer 465

To ensure that the IGP has multiple exit points from an AS

Answer 466

To serve as back-up routers to eBGP

Answer 467

To exchange routes with external ASes

Answer 468

The sum of the interface speeds to a destination

Answer 469

The shortest AS path

Answer 470

The AS that is configured with special non-discretionary attributes

Answer 471

The AS that re-distributed the route from OSPF into BGP

Answer 472

A keep alive message

Answer 473

A next-hop update

Answer 474

An update message

Answer 475

A networks message

Answer 476

The statement says iBGP or eBGP.

Answer 477

The statement contains the word internal or external.

Answer 478

Internal peering statements are configured separately.

Answer 479

The AS number is associated with each peer statement.

Answer 480

show router bgp process

Answer 481

show router bgp summary

Answer 482

show router bgp info

Answer 483

show router bgp status

Answer 484

Advertise the route with a null AS-path.

Answer 485

Tear down the peer connection.

Answer 486

Send a withdraw message.

Answer 487

Update its route table but take no other action.

Answer 488

A service provider with multiple connections to other providers

Answer 489

An enterprise with multiple connections to the same ISP

Answer 490

An enterprise with multiple connections to different ISPs

Answer 491

A service provider with a single connection to a higher-level ISP

Answer 492

Origin, AS-path, and community

Answer 493

AS-path, community, and next-hop

Answer 494

AS-path, peer, and next-hop

Answer 495

AS-path, origin, and next-hop

Answer 496

It is the single exit point for an AS.

Answer 497

It is one of several exit points from an AS.

Answer 498

It is part of a transit AS.

Answer 499

It is providing updates to downstream providers.

Answer 500

Route re-distribution loses the metrics of the original IGP.

Answer 501

Route re-distribution can lead to routing loops.

Answer 502

BGP provides a consistent interface for route exchange across various ASes.

Answer 503

Route re-distribution provides for greater policy control.

Answer 504

It is used exclusively by the customer.

Answer 505

It is responsible for adding and removing labels.

Answer 506

It swaps label information and forwards packets.

Answer 507

It creates an LSP in the provider network.

Answer 508

It provides transport tunnel encapsulation.

Answer 509

It is specific to a single service.

Answer 510

The SDP ID is locally unique.

Answer 511

LDP can be used as the signalling protocol.

Answer 512

A series of point-to-point tunnels configured on client equipment

Answer 513

A tunnel technology created in a provider network

Answer 514

A function of MPLS networks to create private communities of users

Answer 515

Any network that includes encryption

Answer 516

It is used to define unidirectional paths through the network.

Answer 517

It is a protocol specifically intended for label distribution.

Answer 518

It is the only method for distributing labels in an MPLS network.

Answer 519

It describes a path through the MPLS network based on the IGP path.

Answer 520

Push—Add a label

Answer 521

Swap—Replace a label

Answer 522

Label distribution protocol—Series of labels and next-hop interfaces

Answer 523

Pop—Remove a label

Answer 524

None of the above

Answer 525

Both A and B

Answer 526

None of the above

Answer 527

None of the above

Answer 528

It makes CE configuration easier.

Answer 529

It allows for very scalable VPN solutions.

Answer 530

It lowers CE management overhead.

Answer 531

All of the above

Answer 532

LDP paths are preferred over IGP routes.

Answer 533

LDP uses IGP next-hop information.

Answer 534

LDP re-distributes labels into IGP.

Answer 535

IGP tags network destinations with LDP information.

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NRS-1 Questions 2

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