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Quiz von Emilie Dandan, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Emilie Dandan
vor fast 6 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
There are about _______ genes that are involved in the development of the mammalian heart.
Antworten
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10
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50
-
100
-
500
-
1000
Frage 2
Frage
All of the following are names of paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4-week embryo except:
Antworten
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Pulmonary veins
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Umbilical veins
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Vitelline veins
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Cardinal veins
Frage 3
Frage
The incidence of congenital heart defects is:
Antworten
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1/100 live births
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1/200 live births
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1/500 live births
Frage 4
Frage
The most common cause of an isolated congenital heart defect is:
Antworten
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Chromosome abnormality
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Teratogen exposure
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Sporadic/Multifactorial etiology
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Maternal malnutrition
Frage 5
Frage
When a heart defect is seen on ultrasound there is an approximately _____% chance of a chromosome abnormality.
Antworten
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1%
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10%
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20%
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50%
Frage 6
Frage
The _________________ is a structure that allows blood to be exchanged between the L and R atria during fetal life but after birth it functionally closes.
Antworten
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Ductus arteriosus
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Septum secundum
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Foramen ovale
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Ductus venosus
Frage 7
Frage
Which of the following is NOT associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Antworten
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Pulmonary Stenosis
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Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
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Overriding Aorta
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Endocardial cushion defect
Frage 8
Frage
The most common type of congenital heart defect is:
Antworten
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Atrial Septal Defect
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Coarctation of the Aorta
Frage 9
Frage
Patent ductus arteriosus is an acyanotic heart defect. When isolated it can cause clinical problems, however, when it occurs alongside/as part of the following defect it is a lifesaving anomaly.
Antworten
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Transposition of the Great Arteries
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Tricuspid insufficiency
Frage 10
Frage
Which of the following cardiac anomalies can be congenital OR acquired?
Antworten
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Aortic valve stenosis
Frage 11
Frage
Which of the following cyanotic heart defects is the most common cause of cyanosis in neonates?
Antworten
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Truncus arteriosus
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Transposition of the Great Arteries
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Tricuspid Insufficiency
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Frage 12
Frage
Select all of the paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4 week embryo:
Antworten
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Cardinal Veins
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Vitelline Veins
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Umbilical Veins
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Ductal Veins
Frage 13
Frage
Intersegmental arteries carry blood to the:
Antworten
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Primordial gut and eventually foregut, midgut and hindgut
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Connecting stalk and become continuous with vessels in chorion
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Somites and their derivatives
Frage 14
Frage
All of the following statements are true regarding atrial septal defects (ASDs) except:
Antworten
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They are more common in females than males.
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The most common type of ASD is patent foramen ovale.
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Endocardial cushion defects are often isolated and rarely associated with genetic conditions.
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The most common ASD is well tolerated through childhood and may not present with symptoms until the 30s (pulmonary hypertension).
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Sinus venosus defect and common atrium are rare types of ASDs.
Frage 15
Frage
All of the following statements are true regarding ventricular septal defects (VSDs) except:
Antworten
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They are more common in males than females.
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The most common type of VSD is membranous VSD.
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They account for about 25% of all congenital heart defects.
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A small percentage (<5%) will spontaneously close within the first year of life while the rest require surgical correction.
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Large VSDs with excessive pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary HTN can result in cardiac failure in infancy.
Frage 16
Frage
Which of the following congenital heart defects usually results in infant death within the first few weeks of life:
Antworten
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Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Patent Foramen Ovale
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Muscular VSD
Frage 17
Frage
Which of the following structures is NOT a fetal adaptation? (i.e. a structure that is necessary for fetal circulation/normal cardiac function but not for postnatal function)
Antworten
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Ductus venosus
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Septum secundum
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Ductus arteriosus
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Foramen ovale
Frage 18
Frage
The cardiovascular system is the first major system to function in the embryo.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 19
Frage
Neural crest cells along with primordial heart cells work together to develop the fetal heart.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 20
Frage
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is composed of 3 main segments and all of them are vitelline in nature (i.e. arising from the same embryonic tissue).
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 21
Frage
There are many physiological differences between fetal and neonatal circulation.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 22
Frage
Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however it is not always present at birth.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 23
Frage
If you identify a cystic hygroma/large NT measurement on ultrasound, most of the time it will be due to an underlying chromosome abnormality.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 24
Frage
The three vessels of the umbilical cord originate from the same embryonic structure.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 25
Frage
By the end of the 4th week circulation is no longer ebb-and-flow like and is instead moving in unidirectional flow.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 26
Frage
Aortic valve stenosis is always a congenital anomaly and can be detected shortly after birth.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 27
Frage
Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however, it is not always present at birth.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 28
Frage
Several of the fetal blood vessels that are no longer required after birth remain as functional ligaments supporting their surrounding structures.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 29
Frage
A baby’s heart beats at a rate about twice as fast of an average adult.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 30
Frage
The tubular heart undergoes a [blank_start]right[blank_end]-handed looping at approximately 23-28 days forming a D-loop that results in heart with apex pointing to the left.
Antworten
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right
Frage 31
Frage
The [blank_start]foramen ovale[blank_end] is one of the fetal adaptations; a structure resulting in the incomplete partition between the atria.
Antworten
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foramen ovale
Frage 32
Frage
[blank_start]Tetralogy of Fallot[blank_end] is an congenital heart defect associated with pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect.
Antworten
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Tetralogy of Fallot
Frage 33
Frage
The names of the AV valves (the valves separating the atria from their respective ventricles) are the [blank_start]mitral[blank_end] and the [blank_start]tricuspid[blank_end] valve.
Antworten
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mitral
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tricuspid
Frage 34
Frage
Transposition of the great vessels is a common cause of cyanotic heart disease in neonates. What is an associated CHD that improves the outcome of infants with transposition of great vessels: [blank_start]patent foramen ovale[blank_end]
Antworten
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patent foramen ovale
Frage 35
Frage
The most common type of atrial septal defect is [blank_start]patent foramen ovale.[blank_end]
Antworten
-
patent foramen ovale
Frage 36
Frage
The 1st morphologic sign of gastrulation is the [blank_start]primitive streak[blank_end], which makes it possible to identify the craniocaudal axis, dorsal and ventral surfaces, and right and left sides.
Antworten
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primitive streak
Frage 37
Frage
The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the [blank_start]ductus venosus[blank_end] of fetal circulation (i.e. one of the fetal adaptations). Usually it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the liver and may be continuous with the round ligament of the liver.
Antworten
-
ductus venosus
Frage 38
Frage
[blank_start]Cystic hygroma[blank_end] is a lymphatic defect that is associated with chromosomal aneuploidy and poor pregnancy outcomes.
Antworten
-
Cystic hygroma
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