16447054
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Quiz von Med Student , aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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vor fast 6 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Parenchymal jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings
Antworten
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increased indirect bilirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
-
both types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stocks, both bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
-
increased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, increased bilirubin in the urine
-
none of the above
Frage 2
Frage
What is the common between fibrosis, sclerosis and cirrhosis?
Antworten
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the common is the increased development of connective tissue in the organ
-
the common is the lipid accumulation in the interstitium of the organ
-
the common is the fibrinoid degeneration of the organ
-
they are different processes and don’t have anything common between them
Frage 3
Frage
What is the clinical significance of hyalinosis of the pancreatic arteroles?
Antworten
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it can cause diabetes mellitus
-
it can cause pancreatic cancer
-
it can cause acute pancreatitis
-
hyalinosis in the pancreas is a physiological process related with ageing
Frage 4
Frage
Which stain is used to prove rheumatism in acute stage in a heart valve?
Antworten
-
Prussian Blue
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Toluidin-Blue
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Congo-Red
-
Perls
Frage 5
Frage
Mucoid swelling can be seen in
Antworten
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Heart valves in rheumatism
-
Basedow’s dermopathy
-
Myxedema
-
All of the listed above
Frage 6
Frage
The necrosis which develops at the base of an acute or chronic active ulcer in the stomach or duodenum is
Antworten
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coagulative
-
caseous
-
fibrinoid
-
liquefactive
Frage 7
Frage
Indicate the correct statement(s) for nephrosclerosis arteriolosclerotica
Antworten
-
it affects microscopically the afferent and efferent arterioles
-
it is a result of prolonged benign hypertention
-
it is a reversible process
-
the process is hyalinosis
Frage 8
Frage
What are the microscopic changes seen in the brain in benign long-term hypertension?
Antworten
-
hyalinosis of the vessels’ walls
-
edema around vessels
-
accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the soft brain membranes
-
developments of specific granulomas in the brain tissue
Frage 9
Frage
The gross description: thick, hard, glassy whitish depositions, non-digestable by enzymes, is indicative for
Antworten
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steatonecrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
hyalinosis
-
fibrinoid deposition
Frage 10
Frage
The following diseases are examples of amyloid depositions. Find the mistake!
Antworten
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Rheumatoid arthritis - AA amyloid
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Multiple myeloma - AL amyloid
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Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland - AA amyloid
-
Alzheimer’s disease - A4 amyloid
Frage 11
Frage
‘Sago spleen and lardaceous spleen’ are
Antworten
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gross appearance of the localized (sago-spleen)and generalized (lardaceous spleen) amyloidosis of the spleen
-
sago spleen is amyloidosis of the spleen, while lardaceous spleen is hyalinosis of the spleen
-
gross appearance of the spleen in Hodgkin’s lymphoma depending on the severity of the process
-
in lardaceous spleen the amyloid is deposited in the white pulp only, while in sago spleen both white and red pulp have amyloid deposition
Frage 12
Frage
Systemic amyloidosis is proven by a biopsy from?
Antworten
-
gingiva
-
heart
-
fat tissue from abdominal wall
-
ileum
Frage 13
Frage
What type of calcification develops in the complicated atherosclerotic plaques?
Antworten
-
metastatic
-
dystrophic
-
metabolic
-
physiological
Frage 14
Frage
Which are the causes for hypocalcaemia?
Antworten
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hypoparathyroidism
-
hyperparathyroidism
-
intoxication with vit. D
-
senile osteoporosis
Frage 15
Frage
What kind of gout can develop in a patient with leucemia?
Antworten
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gout caused by excessive consumption of meat and meat products
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genetic gout caused by error in the metabolism of uric acid
-
renal injury because kidneys cannot excrete the excessive amount of uric acid
-
patients with leucosis never develop gout
Frage 16
Frage
Which of the following microscopic descriptions most likely suggest kidney amyloidosis? The stain is H-E in all the described specimens
Antworten
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highly enlarged glomeruli, the capillary tufts filled almost all of the capsular space, capillary lumens are obliterated; pink homogeous substance is deposited also in the mesangium, in the basement membranes of the tubules and in the walls of the blood vessels
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afferent and efferent arterioles have homogenously thick walls stained in pink, some of the glomeruli look smaller, with totally effaced structure and homogenously pink in color, while others may look normal in size, or even with compensatory hypertrophy
-
the interstitium shows chronic inflammatory reaction, the main change is seen in the kidney tubules which look dilated and filled with pinkish substance (these tubules look like thyroid follicles)
-
many glomeruli show crescent proliferations, encompassing 2/3 f the Bowman's space; the process ends with global sclerosis of the gomerulus
Frage 17
Frage
Which of the following stain(s) is used to prove amyloidosis?
Antworten
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Perls
-
Congo-Red
-
Van Gieson
-
Methyl violet
Frage 18
Frage
Mark the correct statement(s) for kidney alymoidosis
Antworten
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small, shrunken kidneys with granular surface and difficult decapsulation
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enlarged pale kidneys with waxy texture
-
amyloidosis affects only one of the kidneys and doesn’t lead to chronic renal failure
-
kidney amyloidosis is reversible after the treatment of the primary disease and has very good prognosis
Frage 19
Frage
Granulomatous structures, consisting of uric acid crystals, lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and giant multinucleated cells type “foreign body” are characteristic for which disease?
Antworten
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tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
gout
-
brucellosis
Frage 20
Frage
Calcification of the aorta characterizes with
Antworten
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hard, rigid wall of the aorta
-
soft, elastic wall of the aorta
-
can be complicated with mural thrombosis and aneurysm
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is a result of metabolic calcification
Frage 21
Frage
Renal complications of gout include
Antworten
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Uric crystals nephrolithiasis
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Uric-acid infarction
-
Urate nephropathy
-
All of the listed above
Frage 22
Frage
What type of necrosis develops in the specific granuloma in tuberculosis?
Antworten
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liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
-
steatonecrosis
Frage 23
Frage
Which of the following terms are used to describe liquefactive necrosis of the brain?
Antworten
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ramolicio cerebri
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encephalomalacia
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infarctus anemicus cerebri
-
hydrocephalus
Frage 24
Frage
What type of necrosis develops in the pancreas?
Antworten
-
steatonecrosis/fat necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
Frage 25
Frage
What type of necrosis develops in the specific granuloma in tuberculosis?
Antworten
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
caseous necrosis
-
steatonecrosis
Frage 26
Frage
Indicate the correct statement(s) for dyspasia
Antworten
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it is a process of disordered cellular development
-
it can develop in soft tissues
-
it can develop in tissues of epithelial origin
-
it is an adaptive process
Frage 27
Frage
Corpora amylacea can be seen microscopically in?
Antworten
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the glands of uterine mucosa
-
the glands of prostate
-
the kidney’s convoluted tubules
-
the follicles of thyroid gland
Frage 28
Frage
How does the hypertrophic myocardium look like grossly?
Antworten
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enlarged in size
-
smaller in size
-
papillary muscles are hypertrophic
-
increased heart weight
Frage 29
Frage
Hyperplasia of the endometrium can be
Antworten
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direct and indirect
-
typical and atypical
-
with formation of cysts or with formation of pseudo-cysts
-
diffuse and localized
Frage 30
Frage
What are the complications of prostate hyperplasia?
Antworten
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urinary retention, frequent urinary tract infections
-
sexual dysfunction
-
transitional cell carcinoma
-
hydronephrosis
Frage 31
Frage
Which is the main complication after squamous metaplasia of the respiratory bronchial epithelium?
Antworten
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squamous carcinoma of the bronchus
-
chronic bronchitis
-
small-cell carcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma of the bronchus
Frage 32
Frage
Epistaxis and melena are examples for
Antworten
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edema
-
exudate
-
haemorrhages
-
venous congestion
Frage 33
Frage
What is hemascos?
Antworten
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blood in the urine
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blood in the peritoneal cavity
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blood in the excrement
-
blood vomiting
Frage 34
Frage
What is hematemesis?
Antworten
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blood vomiting
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blood in the excrements
-
nose bleeding
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bleeding from the lungs
Frage 35
Frage
What is hemoptoe
Antworten
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bleeding from the nose
-
bleeding from the lungs
-
blood vomiting
-
blood in the pleural cavity
Frage 36
Frage
Which of the following liver changes is reversible?
Antworten
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liver cirrhosis
-
liver cyanosis
-
nutmeg liver
-
liver amyloidosis
Frage 37
Frage
Pin-point hemorrhages in the brain have usually the following pathogenesis
Antworten
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per diapedesin
-
per rhexin
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per diabrosin
-
all of the above
Frage 38
Frage
Can thrombosis develop after death?
Antworten
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yes, this is why we can see blood clots in the vessels after death
-
no, thrombosis is a pathological process which develops only during lifetime
-
it can develop both during life and after death
-
it develops in the agony preceding death
Frage 39
Frage
What is characteristic for the post-mortem blood clot?
Antworten
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dry, crumbly, layered structure
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moist, homogenous structure
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attached to the vessel’s wall
-
unattached to the vessel’s wall
Frage 40
Frage
Indicate types of embolism depending on the content of embolus
Antworten
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gas, air, amniotic
-
thromboembolism, fat embolism
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arterial, venous
-
orthograde, retrograde, paradoxal
Frage 41
Frage
Indicate types of embolism according to the way of blood flow
Antworten
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gas, air, thromboembolism, amniotic, fat, parasite
-
orthograde, retrograde
-
arterial, venous
-
paradoxical
Frage 42
Frage
Indicate types of embolism according to the character of the obturated blood vessel
Antworten
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thromboembolism, amniotic, fat, gas, air embolism
-
arterial
-
venous
-
orthograde, retrograde, paradoxical
Frage 43
Frage
Is it possible to prevent embolism?
Antworten
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no, it is something we cannot control or prevent
-
yes, by using anticoagulants
-
yes, by exercise in bed ridden patient and early getting up from bed after operation
-
yes, by staying in bed without moving after operation
Frage 44
Frage
In which organ hemorrhagic infarction can develop?
Antworten
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in organs with nutritive and functional blood circulation
-
in organs with nutritive circulation only
-
in organs with many anastomoses
-
hemorrhagic infarction can develop in any organ
Frage 45
Frage
Indicate the organ(s) where hemorrhagic infarction is possible
Antworten
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liver
-
heart
-
lung
-
intestine
Frage 46
Frage
How can we prove amniotic embolism?
Antworten
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microscopically, by finding amniotic fluid in the left heart ventricle
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grossly, by finding amniotic fluid in the right heart ventricle
-
microscopically, by finding amniotic particles such as lanugo, meconium etc. in the lungs
-
grossly, by finding amniotic particles in the lungs
Frage 47
Frage
Why does gas embolism develop?
Antworten
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because of the dissolution of blood gases, especially azotic oxide, caused by fast decompression
-
because of the dissolution of blood gases, especially type caused by fast compression
-
because the negative pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
-
because the positive pressure of the opened blood vessels on the neck and head can lead to air entry
Frage 48
Frage
What is needed for the development of hemorrhagic infarction the lung?
Antworten
-
double circulation of the lung
-
thrombosis of a branch of a. broncialis
-
thrombosis of a branch of a. pulmonalis
-
chronic venous stagnation
Frage 49
Frage
What is the most common cause for the development of anemic infarction of the brain?
Antworten
-
thrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri anterior
-
thrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri media
-
thrombosis or embolism of a. cerebri posterior
-
thrombosis or embolism of a. basillaris
Frage 50
Frage
What is the gross appearance of a previous anemic infarction of the brain?
Antworten
-
fresh liquefactive necrosis
-
brain cyst
-
brain pseudocyst
-
irregular red-coloured area
Frage 51
Frage
Indicate the correct statements
Antworten
-
gangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease
-
severe inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic
-
gangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis
-
inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after the necrosis
Frage 52
Frage
The gross appearance “Ribbon-like fibrin deposits on the pericardium” describes
Antworten
-
chronic pericarditis
-
fibrinous myocarditis
-
fibrinous pericarditis
-
acute pericarditis
Frage 53
Frage
Which are the cells that infiltrate the whole thickness of the appendix in phlegmonous appendicitis?
Antworten
-
lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
basophils
-
neutrophils
-
giant multinucleated cells
Frage 54
Frage
What is typical for purulent lepto-meningitis?
Antworten
-
hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes
-
hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils
-
yellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain
-
clear cerebro-spinal fluid
Frage 55
Frage
Hydatid cysts affect most commonly
Antworten
-
the brain
-
the heart
-
the spleen
-
the liver
Frage 56
Frage
Which is the second most commonly affected organ by hydatid cysts?
Antworten
-
brain
-
liver
-
lung
-
kidney
Frage 57
Frage
The following description indicates: Focal aggregates in the form of nodules of cells with phagocytic ability. The diameter of these nodules is no more than 1-2mm, in many cases they are seen only microscopically
Antworten
-
granulomas
-
metastases
-
polyps
-
granulation tissue
Frage 58
Frage
What type of necrosis develops in the tuberculous granuloma?
Antworten
-
caseous necrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
fibrinoid necrosis
Frage 59
Frage
Which of the following cells are seen in tuberculomas?
Antworten
-
Giant cells type Langhans
-
Epitheloid cells
-
Tuton giant cells
-
Lymphocytes
Frage 60
Frage
The giant cells type Langhans are derived from
Antworten
-
macrophages
-
epitheloid cells
-
lymphocytes
-
monocytes
Frage 61
Frage
Which giant cells have specific peripheral arrangement of the nuclei like horse-shoe?
Antworten
-
Tuton giant cells
-
Foreign body giant cells
-
Langhans giant cells
-
None of the above
Frage 62
Frage
In which stage of syphilis do the specific luetic granulomas develop?
Antworten
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first
-
second
-
third
-
they develop in all stages
Frage 63
Frage
What type of necrosis develops in luetic granulomas?
Antworten
-
clay-like
-
caseus
-
liquefactive
-
coagulative
Frage 64
Frage
What type of necrosis develops in the cat-scratch disease?
Antworten
-
caseous
-
coagulative
-
liquefactive
-
gummous
Frage 65
Frage
Mark the correct answer(s) about actinomycosis
Antworten
-
has three stages of development
-
has cervical, abdominal and thoracic forms
-
grossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus
-
grossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs
Frage 66
Frage
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma.
Lack of necrosis, abundance of epitheloid cell, Langhans cells, collagen fibres, Shaumann bodies
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
rheumatism
-
syphilis
Frage 67
Frage
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a grauloma:
Gummous necrosis, surrounded by epitheloid cells, single Langhans cells, abundance of plasma cells, less lymphocytes, fibroblasts
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
rheumatism
-
syphilis
Frage 68
Frage
The sulfur granule is characteristic for
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
felinosis
-
actinomycosis
-
leprosy
Frage 69
Frage
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. Fibrinoid necrosis, surrouned by abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, many cells of Anichkov and pathognomonic cells of Aschoff
Antworten
-
tuberculosis
-
rheumatoid arthritis
-
syphilis
-
rheumatism
Frage 70
Frage
What histological changes could be seen in thyroid in Hashimoto thyroiditis
Antworten
-
unchanged
-
infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
fibrosis
-
formation of lymph follicles
Frage 71
Frage
The histological changes in Hashimoto thyroiditis affect
Antworten
-
entire thyroid gland
-
markedly focal
Frage 72
Frage
The thyroid follicles in Hashimoto thyroiditis are
Antworten
-
unchanged
-
dilated
-
polymorphous
-
smaller
Frage 73
Frage
What is hyper-granulation?
Antworten
-
mature connective tissue
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix/scar
-
greater amount of granulation tissue
-
none of the above
Frage 74
Frage
What Is a scar?
Antworten
-
hypertrophic granulation tissue
-
mature connective tissue
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
-
none of the above
Frage 75
Frage
What is a keloid?
Antworten
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
-
mature connective tissue
-
greater amount of granulation tissue
-
none of the above
Frage 76
Frage
Which stain can be used to prove of scarring (cicatrix) of the heart?
Antworten
-
Van Gieson
-
Perls
-
Congo Red
-
PAS
Frage 77
Frage
Which of the following could not be seen in rheumatoid nodules?
Antworten
-
Fibrinoid necrosis
-
Epitheloid cells
-
Langhans cells
-
Lymphocytes
Frage 78
Frage
Indicate the correct statement(s) for the polyarteriitis nodosa
Antworten
-
it is an autoimmune disease
-
it affects mostly the elastic arteries
-
there is accumulation of glucosaminoglycans in the vessel walls which can be demonstrated with metachromasia with Toluidin Bleu
-
the branches of the pulmonary arteries are affected
Frage 79
Frage
Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
Antworten
-
Hemolytic anemia
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
-
Allergic rhinitis
-
Bronchial asthma
Frage 80
Frage
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
Antworten
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
-
Hemolytic anemia
-
Allergic rhinitis
-
Nodosal poyarteriitis
Frage 81
Frage
Immune complexes mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to
Antworten
-
polyartheriitis nodosa
-
rheumatoid arthritis
-
hemolytic anemia
-
tuberculosis
Frage 82
Frage
Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to
Antworten
-
Tuberculosis
-
Polyarteriitis nodosa
-
Bronchial asthma
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Frage 83
Frage
Which is the most common way of metastasizing of epithelial tumors?
Antworten
-
by lymphatics (lymphogenic metastases)
-
with blood (hematogenic metastases)
-
by cerebrospinal fluid
-
none of the above
Frage 84
Frage
What is papilloma?
Antworten
-
malignant tumor of the covering epithelium
-
benign tumor of glandular epithelium
-
benign tumor of cover type epithelium
-
benign soft tissue tumor
Frage 85
Frage
Indicate the correct characteristic(s) for papilloma
Antworten
-
it has tree-like stroma covered by differentiated stratified squamous epithelium
-
it has tree-like stroma covered by undifferentiated squamous epithelium with signs of cell atypia
-
stroma and parenchyma are difficult to distinguish
-
it doesn’t have a capsule
Frage 86
Frage
What is the term used for malignant tumors of cover type epithelium?
Antworten
-
adenocarcinoma
-
papilloma
-
carcinoma
-
sarcoma
Frage 87
Frage
What is the term used for malignant tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
Antworten
-
adenocarcinoma
-
adenoma
-
carcinoma
-
carcino-adenoma
Frage 88
Frage
What is the term used for benign tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
Antworten
-
papilloma
-
adenoma
-
teratoma
-
adenocarcinoma
Frage 89
Frage
Point the correct statement(s) about basal cell carcinoma
Antworten
-
it develops only on the skin
-
it can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
-
it characterizes with early lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases
-
very often it recurs at the same place after surgery
Frage 90
Frage
Keratinized squamous cell carcinoma
Antworten
-
develops only on the skin
-
can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
-
is highly undifferenciated malignant tumor
-
is a tumor composed of more differenciated cells with keratin production
Frage 91
Frage
What kind of structures are the cancer perls?
Antworten
-
accumulation of keratin produced by more differentiated malignant cells originating from squamous epithelium
-
pink-coloured homogenous substance located in the centre of the tumor nests
-
accumulation of mucus produced by highly undifferentiated malignant cells located in the centre of the tumor nests
-
pink homogenous substance that accumulates in the stroma of the tumor
Frage 92
Frage
The gross appearance of which tumor is called “ulcus rodens”?
Antworten
-
squamous cell carcinoma
-
melanoma
-
basal cell carcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma
Frage 93
Frage
Squamous cell carcinoma develops in the lung after
Antworten
-
acute bronchitis
-
chronic bronchitis accompanied by metaplasia
-
bronchial asthma
-
inhalaton of a foreign body
Frage 94
Frage
Papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder arises from
Antworten
-
squamous epithelium
-
transitional epithelium
-
glandular epithelium
-
smooth musculature
Frage 95
Frage
What is carcinoma in situ?
Antworten
-
malignant tumor limited to the epithelium above the basal membrane
-
malignant tumor destroying the basal membrane but spreading no more than 5mm below it
-
benign tumor limited to the basal membrane
-
benign tumor of a great size compressing the surrounding tissues
Frage 96
Frage
Which staining is used for proving mucus production from gelatinous adenocarcinoma?
Antworten
-
Congo red
-
Toluidin bleu, metachromasia is demonstrated
-
PAS reaction with amylase control
-
Van Gieson
Frage 97
Frage
Pericanalicular and intracanalicular are types of
Antworten
-
Ductal carcinoma of the breast
-
Paget’s disease
-
Renal cell carcinoma
-
Fibroadenoma
Frage 98
Frage
Kruckenberg tumors are
Antworten
-
metastases from colon adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from gastric carcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in the ovaries
Frage 99
Frage
Pleomorphic adenoma could be seen mainly
Antworten
-
in the parotid gland
-
in the minor salivary glands
-
in the stomach
-
in the thyroid gland
Frage 100
Frage
Indicate the correct statements about fibroadenoma of the breast
Antworten
-
capsulated and lobulated tumor
-
non-capsulated malignant tumor with invasive growth
-
microscopically it has two types - intracanalicular and pericanalicular
-
seen in older women
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