1671795
Beschreibung
Quiz von Laurel McLaughlin, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Laurel McLaughlin
vor etwa 10 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Why don’t ecosystems eventually run out of energy?
Antworten
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because there are secondary producers
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because photosynthesis is exergonic
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because they are open systems
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because they are closed systems
Frage 2
Frage
Which of the following is most likely to be associated with dynamic equilibrium in an ecosystem?
Antworten
-
a positive feedback loop
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a negative feedback loop
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homeorhesis
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pulsing states
Frage 3
Frage
A coyote eats a rabbit, and burns off much of the calories it gains in maintaining body temperature. In this instance, what can we say about entropy and energy?
Image:
coyote (image/jpg)
Antworten
-
entropy has decreased, available useful energy has increased
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entropy has decreased, available useful energy has decreased
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entropy has increased, available useful energy has increased
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entropy has increased, available useful energy has decreased
Frage 4
Frage
Light is often more limiting in aquatic ecosystems than in terrestrial ecosystems.
Image:
light_aquatic (image/jpg)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 5
Frage
The effects of temperature and precipitation on Net Primary Productivity (NPP) are independent.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 6
Frage
Ecosystem X houses species with extremely large niches. What can we say is likely regarding the resistance and resilience of this ecosystem?
Antworten
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high resistance and high resilience
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low resistance, intermediate resilience
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high resilience, intermediate resistance
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low resistance and low resilience
Frage 7
Frage
You estimate kilograms of corn plants (including stalks, shoots, leaves, etc) produced per square meter per year in a field outside of Waterloo. This is best characterized as an estimate of:
Image:
corn_stocks (image/jpg)
Antworten
-
net primary productivity
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gross primary productivity
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standing crop biomass
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biomass accumulation ratio
Frage 8
Frage
Ecosystem “A” retains most of its food web structure and species composition through a period marked by heavy pollution. Nearby Ecosystem ‘B’ however loses 50% of its species diversity and feeding links. Ecosystem ‘A’ is:
Image:
food_web (image/jpg)
Antworten
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more resistant that Ecosystem 'B'
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more resilient than Ecosystem 'B'
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in a positive feedback loop
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both A and B
Frage 9
Frage
Warm nutrient rich conditions favour growth of an algal bloom in a lake. In fall, the decomposing algae releases yet more nutrients into the lake which leads to an even worse algal bloom the following spring. This is an example of:
Image:
lake_algal_bloom (image/jpg)
Antworten
-
negative feedback
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a trophic cascade
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homeostasis
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positive feedback
Frage 10
Frage
Energy is recycled in detrital food chains.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 11
Frage
Which of the following ecosystems would you likely observe the highest trophic efficiency in?
Antworten
-
an algal-based lakeImage:algal_lake (image/jpg)
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a grasslandImage:grassland.gif (image/gif)
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a macrophyte-dominated swampImage:swamp (image/jpg)
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a forestImage:forest (image/jpg)
Frage 12
Frage
Which of the following is likely to have the highest concentrations of a biomagnifying contaminant?
Antworten
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primary producer
-
primary consumer
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secondary consumer
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tertiary consumer
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all are equal
Frage 13
Frage
High level carnivores are often part of only one type of food chain – either grazing or detrital.
Image:
top_carnivore (image/jpg)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 14
Frage
Neither energy nor biomass pyramids can be inverted/upside down (ie. larger at the top than the bottom).
Image:
pyramid (image/jpg)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 15
Frage
Grazing and detrital food chains are independent are not connected.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 16
Frage
You are studying a three-level food chain (primary producers, herbivores, carnivores). 5000 calories of plant energy are produced. How many of these calories will be convertes into carnivore tissue?
Antworten
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5 calories
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50 calories
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500 calories
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5000 calories
Frage 17
Antworten
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a saprophage; part of the detrital food chain
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a biophage; part of the grazing food chain
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a biophage; part of the detrital food chain
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a saprophage; part of the grazing food chain
Frage 18
Frage
What variable(s) affect(s) the rate of decomposition? Select all that apply, if more than one.
Image:
decomposition (image/jpg)
Antworten
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amount of lignin
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temperature
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moisture
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oxygen availability
Frage 19
Antworten
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inorganic nutrients
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secondary productivity
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organic matter
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detritus
Frage 20
Frage
Where would we expect nutrient concentrations in streams to be highest?
Antworten
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bottom of a vegetated valleyImage:stream_valle (image/jpg)
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bottom of a recently logged valleyImage:logged_stream (image/jpg)
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all of the above are equalImage:stream_mountain (image/jpg)
Frage 21
Frage
What human activities have been implicated in dropped water tables?
Antworten
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paving over natural surfacesImage:paving (image/jpg)
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use of irrigationImage:irrigation (image/jpg)
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converting forests to agriculture
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all of the above
Frage 22
Frage
Fertilizing a grassland with nitrogen is MOST likely to result in:
Antworten
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increase in productivity, increase in species richness
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increase in productivity, no change in species richness
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increase in productivity, transition to N-fixing species
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increase in productivity, decrease in species richness
Frage 23
Frage
Increasing temperatures are causing permafrost and tundra to melt. This causes faster decomposition rates and carbon release, and is an example of:
Image:
melting_ice (image/jpg)
Antworten
-
positive feedback
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negative feedback
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neutral feedback
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none of the above
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the following is/are potential direct or indirect cause(s) of climate warming? (Select all that apply)
Antworten
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increases in Earth's inventory of carbonImage:earth_co2 (image/jpg)
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increasing urbanizationImage:urbanization (image/jpg)
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increasing human-induced fires
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burning of fossil fuels
Frage 25
Frage
Which of the countries below uses the most oil per capita?
Antworten
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ChinaImage:china (image/jpg)
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CanadaImage:canada (image/jpg)
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IndiaImage:india (image/jpg)
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AustraliaImage:australia (image/jpg)
Frage 26
Frage
Climate warming is thought to be related to which of the following ecological observations? (Select all that apply, if more than one)
Image:
climate-warming (image/jpg)
Antworten
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changes in species' ranges
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changes in allele frequencies within species
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changes in timing of seasonal life history events, such as flowering
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changes in extinction rates
Frage 27
Frage
Globally, we know that climate-induced increases in terrestrial NPP will compensate up for climate-induced decreases in marine NPP.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 28
Frage
Nutrient run-off into marine coastal environments can cause:
Antworten
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formation of toxic algal blooms
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formation of anoxic zones
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short-term increases in primary productivity
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all of the above
Frage 29
Frage
What factor(s) is/are affecting the health of coral reef ecosystems?
Image:
dead-coral-reef (image/jpg)
Antworten
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increasing temperatures
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ocean acidification
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pollution
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all of the above
Frage 30
Frage
Which is NOT a leading factor in explaining why climate change is increasing terrestrial NPP?
Antworten
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higher CO2
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increased sunlight
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increased temperatures
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increased precipitation in tropics
Frage 31
Frage
Why is marine NPP thought to be decreasing (leading explanation)?
Antworten
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less sunlight
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changes in water density
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slower decomposition
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less nutrients from terrestrial runoff
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