Biochemistry Year 1

Question

Which set-up forms the strongest hydrogen bonds?

Answer 1

When atoms are at a 90 degree angle from the hydrogen atom.

Answer 2

When the atoms are all in a straight line.

Answer 3

When atoms are at less than 60 degrees from the hydrogen atom.

Answer 4

When atoms are more than 60 degrees from the hydrogen atom.

Answer 5

At the van der Waals contact distance.

Answer 6

At less than the van der Waals contact distance.

Answer 7

At more than the van der Waals contact distance.

Answer 8

When the nuclei of the two atoms are 0.5 angstrom away from each other.

Answer 9

It doesn't release heat, it absorbs it.

Answer 10

Because the formation of the double helix is a decrease in entropy, thus heat must be released to increase it and make the reaction favourable.

Answer 11

The overall net formation of hydrogen bonds releases energy as heat.

Answer 12

Because the enzymes that do it couple the reaction with another one that releases heat.

Answer 13

The susceptibility of a proton to be removed by a reaction with a base.

Answer 14

The susceptibility of a proton to be removed by a reaction with an acid.

Answer 15

The pH at which the concentration of protons is equal to the concentration of OH- for a substance.

Answer 16

The pH at which the concentration of the protonated form of a substance is equal to the concentration of OH-.

Answer 17

Only two electrons may be placed in each orbital, and these must have opposite spins.

Answer 18

Only two electrons may be placed in each orbital.

Answer 19

If two or more orbitals of equal energy are available, then one electron must be placed in each orbital until they are half full.

Answer 20

The combining of atomic orbitals within an atom to form new orbitals.

Answer 21

Methionine

Answer 22

Tryptophan

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 24

Ionic interactions

Answer 25

van der Waals interactions

Answer 26

Steric clashes

Answer 27

A measure of the solvent's ability to keep opposite charges apart.

Answer 28

A measure of the solvent's ability to keep opposite charges together.

Answer 29

A measure of the solvent's ability to keep like charges together.

Answer 30

A measure of the solvent's ability to keep like charges apart.

Answer 31

The sequence of amino acids is sufficient and necessary for protein folding.

Answer 32

Which codon represents which amino acid.

Answer 33

DNA is the molecule which stores genetic information.

Answer 34

Correct protein folding sometimes requires chaperone proteins.

Answer 35

N terminus

Answer 36

C terminus

Answer 37

Tryptophan end

Answer 38

The end which is central to the protein

Answer 39

The mass action ratio depends on actual concentrations, while the equilibrium constant depends on the concentrations at equilibrium.

Answer 40

The mass action ratio depends on theoretical concentrations, while the equilibrium constant depends on the concentrations at equilibrium.

Answer 41

The mass action ratio depends on concentrations at equilibrium, while the equilibrium constant depends on the actual concentrations.

Answer 42

The mass action ratio depends on theoretical concentrations, while the equilibrium constant depends on the actual concentrations.

Answer 43

The concentrations of all reactants and products at equilibrium.

Answer 44

When all reactants have a concentration of 1M.

Answer 45

When all products and reactants have a concentration of 1M.

Answer 46

When there are equal concentrations of products and reactants at any concentration.

Answer 47

Actin and tubulin

Answer 48

It is energetically unfavourable.

Answer 49

It's energetically favourable

Answer 50

The associated Mg2+ cations slow the process down

Answer 51

There is never enough actin monomers accumulated in one area

Answer 52

Dystrophin

Answer 53

Creating networks of F-actin as a gelation protein.

Answer 54

Severing actin filaments which leads to dissociation of the filament.

Answer 55

Prevents the formation of actin clots.

Answer 56

Generation of higher order structures.

Answer 57

Reorganisation of chromosomes during division

Answer 58

Intracellular transport

Answer 59

Form an integral part of the neuronal axon

Answer 60

Form the backbone of cilia

Answer 61

Alpha subunit

Answer 62

Beta subunit

Answer 63

Both alpha and beta subunits

Answer 64

Neither alpha nor beta subunits

Answer 65

It is stable.

Answer 66

The beta tubulin ringed side has a faster rate of growth than the alpha tubulin side.

Answer 67

The dissociation of GDP-tubulin once the cap is lost is slower than in other systems.

Answer 68

It only has kinesin motors, making it simple to observe.

Answer 69

Actin can be highly branched, while microtubules cannot.

Answer 70

Microtubules can be highly branched, while actin cannot.

Answer 71

Myosin can be highly branched, while actin cannot.

Answer 72

Myosin can be highly branched, while microtubules cannot.

Answer 73

Group transfer

Answer 74

Addition/removal of functional groups

Answer 75

Hydrolysis

Answer 76

Fermentation

Answer 77

Substrate channeling

Answer 78

Formation of proteinaceous compartments

Answer 79

Futile cycling

Answer 80

Metabolic flux

Answer 81

Electrons and hydrogen

Answer 82

Carboxyl group

Answer 83

Methyl group

Answer 84

The reaction ATP<=>ADP+Pi is maintained favouring the formation of ATP

Answer 85

The reaction ATP<=>ADP+Pi is displaced from the equilibrium ratio

Answer 86

The reaction ATP<=>ADP+Pi favours ADP+Pi

Answer 87

The The reaction ATP<=>ADP+Pi is maintained within the cell favouring ADP+Pi

Answer 88

Inhibitors

Answer 89

Cell fragmentation

Answer 90

Radiolabelling

Answer 91

Hexokinase

Answer 92

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Answer 93

Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase

Answer 94

Cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate by aldolase

Answer 95

Oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Answer 96

Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase

Answer 97

Triose phosphate isomerase

Answer 98

Hexokinase

Answer 99

Phosphofructokinase

Answer 100

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 101

Mitochondrial intermembrane space

Answer 102

Cell membrane

Answer 103

Thioester linkage

Answer 104

Ester linkage

Answer 105

Esther linkage

Answer 106

Phosphodiester linkage

Answer 107

Citrate isomerisation

Answer 108

Phosphate group transfer from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP

Answer 109

Removal of water from 2-phosphoglycerate

Answer 110

Decarboxylation of isocitrate

Answer 111

Complex II

Answer 112

Complex III

Answer 113

Complex IV

Answer 114

Complex II

Answer 115

Complex III

Answer 116

Complex IV

Answer 117

The inhibition of complex II by malonate

Answer 118

Proton 'back pressure' restricting electron flow

Answer 119

The breaking down of ATP to ADP+Pi by the cell to keep the ATP concentration low

Answer 120

The inhibition of the electron transport chain by the lack of oxygen

Answer 121

Endocrine signalling

Answer 122

Paracrine signalling

Answer 123

Steroid signalling

Answer 124

Lymphoid signalling

Answer 125

Ion channel

Answer 126

T-protein coupled receptor

Answer 127

Enzyme receptor

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Biochemistry Year 1

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