1851617
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Serves as a passageway for air to pass to and from the lungs. It filters impurities and humidifies and warms the air inhaled
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Nose
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Lungs
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Mouth
Frage 2
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is a tube-like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavity to the larynx
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Pharynx
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naval cavity
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Lungs
Frage 3
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these structures are important links in the chain of lymph nodes guarding the body from invasion by organisms entering the nose and throat
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tonsils and adenoids
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thyroid gland
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the tongue
Frage 4
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Is a cartilaginous epithelium lined organ that connects the pharynx and the trachea and consists of the epiglottis, glottis, thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage, aryteroid carilages and the vocal cords
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Larynx
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Pharynx
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Epiglottis
Frage 5
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this serves as the passage between the larynx and right and left main stem bronchi
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trachea
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sinus cavity
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Lungs
Frage 6
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the lungs and walls of the thoracic cavity are lined with a serous membrane called
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pleura
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epithelial cells
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fat
Frage 7
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this pleura covers the lungs
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visceral
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parietal
Frage 8
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this pleura lines the thoracic cavity
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parietal
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visceral
Frage 9
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this helps alveoli stay open and reduces surface tension
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surfactant
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mucosa
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serous fluid
Frage 10
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lungs expand from what to what
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above clavicle to diaphragm
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breast to tailbone
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arm to toe
Frage 11
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pulmonary circulation is considered what kind of pressure
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low pressure
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high pressure
Frage 12
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is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration at the air blood interface
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pulmonary diffusion
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pulmonary perfusion
Frage 13
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this process is when actual blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature the blood is pumped into the lungs by the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery
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pulmonary perfusion
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pulmonary diffusion
Frage 14
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perfusion is influenced by pulmonary artery pressure, gravity and
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alveolar pressure
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shortness of breath
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blood pressure
Frage 15
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is the elasticity and expandability of the lungs and thoracic structures
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compliance
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exhaling
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contraction
Frage 16
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can cause increased airway resistance
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contraction of bronchial smooth muscle such as asthma
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thickening of bronchial mucosa such as in chronic bronchitis
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obstruction of the airway by mucus tumor or foreign body
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loss of lung elasticity such as emphysema
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all of the above
Frage 17
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gas exchange between that atmospheric air and the blood in between the blood and the cells of the body is called
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respiration
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ventilation
Frage 18
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this requires movement of the walls of the thoracic cage and diaphragm during inspiration and expiration
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ventilation
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respiration
Frage 19
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gas exchange with oxygen is by
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diffusion
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breathing
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not breathing
Frage 20
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this type of ventilation and perfusion imbalance happens when ventilation exceeds perfusion such as a pulmonary embolism causing inadequate perfusion
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dead space
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shunt perfusion
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silent unit
Frage 21
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this type of imbalance happens with an inadequate ventilation and not enough oxygen is coming in such as a lung collapse
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shunt perfusion
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dead space
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silent unit
Frage 22
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this in balance is when inadequate ventilation and inadequate perfusion is involved such as a pneumothorax or ARDS
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silent unit
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shunt perfusion
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dead space
Frage 23
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the amount of blood passing by the alveoli is equal to the amount of gas with a normal ratio of 1 to 1 is called
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V/Q ratio
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R/O ratio
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R/v ratio
Frage 24
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these two structures control respiratory and are located in the brain stem
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medulla oblongata and pons
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cerebrum and cerebellum
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pineal gland and foramen ovale
Frage 25
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this is the amount of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood with a normal range of 80-100mmhg
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PaO2
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Sa02
Frage 26
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hemoglobin is able to carry how many oxygen molecules and considered full or saturated
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4
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8
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2
Frage 27
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the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin and measured as a percentage is
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So2
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Pa02
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Spo2
Frage 28
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Sao2 is the oxygen saturation read from
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an arterial blood sample
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pulse oximeter
Frage 29
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Sp02 is oxygen saturation read from
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a finger probe
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arterial blood gas
Frage 30
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normal pH range for blood is
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7.25-7.34
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7.35-7.45
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7.45-7.55
Frage 31
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this indicates adequacy of alveolar ventilation. normal range is 35 to 45
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Co2
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Pao2
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Spo2
Frage 32
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normal range of bicarbonate is
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22-26mEq
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27-31mEq
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35-45 mEq
Frage 33
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these are considered respiratory defense mechanisms
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filtration
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Mucous and cilia
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cough reflex
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bronchoconstriction and alveolar macrophages
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all of the above
Frage 34
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Early CNS symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include
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restlessness
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irritability
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apprehension
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all of the above
Frage 35
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Late CNS signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include
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confusion
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combativeness
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coma
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all the above
Frage 36
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Early respiratory signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include. Select all the apply
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Tachypnea
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Dyspnea on exertion
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Use of accessory muscles
Frage 37
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Late respiratory signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include. Select all that apply
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Dyspnea at rest
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Use of accessory muscles
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Pause between words
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Sleeping comfortably
Frage 38
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early cardiovascular signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include.select all that apply
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tachycardia
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increase blood pressure
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arrhythmias
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cyanosis
Frage 39
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late cardiovascular signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include. Select all that apply
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hypotension
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cyanosis
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cool and clammy skin
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febrile
Frage 40
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normal oxygen saturation should be 95% to 100%
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- True
- False
Frage 41
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substance that gives up an hydrogen ion in the body
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acid
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Base
Frage 42
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A substance that can accept a hydrogen ion in the body
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acid
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base
Frage 43
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Chemical buffers maintain what ratio of the base hco3 to the acid H2co3 to help keep pH in normal range
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20:1
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20:2
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25:1
Frage 44
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this is caused by hypoventilation for respiratory or for metabolically: diarrhea ,pancreatic fluid loss ,renal failure, DKA, starvation, aspirin overdose, dehydration
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acidosis
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alkalosis
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caused by hyperventilation by respiratory or by metabolic too many tums loss of chloride, or hydrogen chloride, gastric suction, vomiting ,or diuretic therapy
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acidosis
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alkalosis
Frage 46
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if the pH and pco2 are changed in the opposite direction there is a what kind of problem
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respiratory
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metabolic
Frage 47
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if the pH and the bicarbonate are changed in the same direction there is a ___________problem
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Respiratory
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metabolic
Frage 48
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this system compensates for metabolic and balance by elimination of co2
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respiratory
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metabolic
Frage 49
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this system compensates for and balances and co2 alternating hydrogen ions and bicarbonate elimination and can take a few days
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respiratory
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kidneys
Frage 50
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if the pH and pco2 are changed in the same direction the body is compensating for an abnormal
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Ph
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Co2
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