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What is visual studio?
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an IDE for .NET development
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a collection of classes
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a collection of class libraries and other resuable components
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The result of program compilation
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What is the .NET Framework
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an IDE for .NET development
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a collection of class libraries and other reusable components for application development
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an intermediate language that C# programs compile to
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a collection of classes that can be used by other applications
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An intermediate language that is the result of program compilation.
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a runtime environment that provides common services
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a collection of classes that can be used by other applications
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a collection of class libraries and other reusable components
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What are some services that the CLR provides?
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memory management
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garbage collection
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exception handling
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syntax error handling
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logic error handling
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What happens after you run a program?
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MSIL is converted to the Machine's native code using a compiler called Just in Time
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CLR is converted to the Machine's native code using a compiler called Just in Time
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JIT is converted to the Machine's native code
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The program is converted into machine language.
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What is an access specifier?
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a keyword to specify the accessibility of a type and its members
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a keyword to specify the access level required to edit the program
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a keyword that places a constraint on how a class library can be used
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The [blank_start]private[blank_end] access specifier limits the accessibility of the member to within the defined class.
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private
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public
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protected
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internal
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protected internal
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The [blank_start]public[blank_end] access specifier has no limits and any members or types defined as public can be accessed outside the class and even outside the assembly.
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public
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private
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protected
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internal
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unsealed
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[blank_start]Internal[blank_end] is used when you want your class members to be accessible within the assembly.
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Internal
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external
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contained
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package
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protected
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[blank_start]Protected[blank_end] is used only when inheritance is used. Types or members using this modifier are only accessible from a child class.
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Protected
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Interal
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Sealed
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Packaged
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Contained
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byte, int, float, char and decimal are [blank_start]value types[blank_end].
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value types
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reference types
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Struct is a [blank_start]value type[blank_end]
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value type
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reference type
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Enumerations are a [blank_start]value type[blank_end].
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value type
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reference type
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Class types are [blank_start]reference types.[blank_end]
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reference types.
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value types.
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A delegate is a reference type.
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Arrays are value types.
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The default value of bool is [blank_start]false.[blank_end]
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the default value of int is [blank_start]0[blank_end]
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The resources within your application are called [blank_start]managed code[blank_end]
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managed code
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unmanaged code
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packaged code
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maintained code
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Managed code is directly executed by the MSIL.
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Any code developed in the .NET framework is managed code.
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Any code developed outside the .NET framework is known as [blank_start]unmanaged code[blank_end]
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unmanaged code
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managed code
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ethereal code
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unpackaged code
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FInalizers can be defined in structs.
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A class can only have one finalizer.
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Finalizers can be inherited and overloaded
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Finalizers cannot be called. They are invoked automatically.
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A finalizer can take modifiers and parameters.
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When should you use finalizers?
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The [blank_start]common language runtime[blank_end] is in charge of managed code.
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When you compile a C#, Visual Basic, or F#, your output will be [blank_start]Intermediate Language[blank_end] code.
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Intermediate Language
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Machine
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CLR
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byte
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When you want to run code in intermediate language form, the CLR will take over and start the process of [blank_start]just in time[blank_end] compiling.
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just in time
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intermediate level
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direct
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standard
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A child class extending the parent class is an example of inheritance
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C# supports multiple inheritance.
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The [blank_start]virtual[blank_end] keyword is used to modify a method, property, indexer, or event declaration and allows it to be overridden in a derived class.
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virtual
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protected
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unsealed
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public
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The [blank_start]override[blank_end] modifier is required to extend or modify an abstract or virtual implementation.
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override
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@override
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inherit
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extend
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Overriding is a type of polymorphism.
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You can override a non-virtual or static method.
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A lambda expression is a block of code that is treated as [blank_start]________[blank_end]
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an object
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a method
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a function
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a struct
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Lambda expressions can be represented as a delegate.
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x = > x * x
The left side of the lambda expression takes [blank_start]input parameters[blank_end] and the right side contains the [blank_start]expression.[blank_end]
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input parameters
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variable
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expression
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constant
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method declaration
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expression
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a type that represents references to methods with a particular parameter list and return type
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a type that can store any method
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is used only in asynchronous programming
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is the same as a callback in JavaScript
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Delegates are used to pass methods as arguments to other methods.
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Delegates allow [blank_start]methods[blank_end] to be passed as parameters.
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methods
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objects
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structs
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anything
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Delegates cannot be used to define callback methods.
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Delegates can be chained together.
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Members marked as abstract must be implemented by classes that derive from the abstract class.
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An interface cannot have access specifiers for functions. It is public by default.
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An abstract class can have an access specifier for its functions.
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An interface can provide complete implementation and not just method signatures.
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Neither an interface not an abstract class can be instantiated.
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An [blank_start]interface[blank_end] cannot have fields. An [blank_start]abstract class[blank_end] can have defined fields and constants.
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interface
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abstract class
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abstract class
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interface
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An [blank_start]interface[blank_end] can only have abstract methods whereas an [blank_start]abstract class[blank_end] can have non-abstract methods.
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interface
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abstract class
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abstract class
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interface
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A class can [blank_start]inherit one or more interfaces[blank_end] and only [blank_start]only one abstract class.[blank_end]
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inherit one or more interfaces
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inherit only one interfaces
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a maximum of 2 interfaces
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only one abstract class.
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exactly two abstract classes
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one or more abstract classes
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An interface [blank_start]cannot[blank_end] have a constructor declaration
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An abstract class [blank_start]can[blank_end] have the constructor declaration.
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The applied to a class, the sealed modifier prevents other classes from inheriting it.
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Use the abstract modifier in a class declaration to indicate that a class is intended only to be a base class of other classes, not instantiated on its own.
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A struct type is a value type that is typically used to encapsulate small groups of related variables
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A struct can be instantiated.
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A struct can be inherited.
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Structs can be instantiated without using the [blank_start]new[blank_end] keyword.
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This represents a valid struct instantiation.
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The [blank_start]in[blank_end] keyword is used to pass by reference by it's arguments cannot be modified by the called method.
The [blank_start]out[blank_end] keyword's arguments must be modified by the called method.
The [blank_start]ref[blank_end] keyword's arguments MAY be modified.
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in
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out
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ref
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out
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in
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ref
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ref
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out
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in
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An argument that is passed to ref or in must be initialized before it is passed.
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Out parameters do not require initialized arguments to be passed.
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In arguments cannot be modified by the called method.
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[blank_start]ref[blank_end] tells the compiler that the object is initialized before entering the function.
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[blank_start]out[blank_end] tells the compiler the compiler that the object will be initialized inside the function.
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With [blank_start]out[blank_end], it is necessary to initialize the value of a parameter before returning to the calling method.
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The passing of a value through the [blank_start]ref[blank_end] parameter is useful when the called method also needs to change the value of the
passed parameter.
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The declaring of a parameter with the [blank_start]out[blank_end] keyword is useful when a method returns multiple values.
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When the [blank_start]out[blank_end] keyword is use, the data passed is one-way.
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When the [blank_start]ref[blank_end] keyword is used, the data may pass bidirectionally.
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Delegates can be used in implementing call-back methods or events.
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A [blank_start]delegate[blank_end] is an [blank_start]object[blank_end] that refers to a [blank_start]method[blank_end].
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delegate
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namespace
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callback
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Enumerator
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object
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method
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method
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object
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A function must be declared as a delegate before it's passed to another function.
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[blank_start]Multicasting[blank_end] of a delegate allows a user to point to more than one method in a single call.
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Multicasting
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Typecasting
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Variedcasting
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Casting
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An action delegate saves you from defining a custom delegate
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Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes.
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Serialization allows the developer to save the [blank_start]state[blank_end] of an object and recreate it when needed.
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To serialize an object in C#, you need the object to be serialized and, the stream to contain the serialized object, and a [blank_start]formatter.[blank_end]
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formatter.
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encapsulator
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template
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box
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What is the namespace necessary to use serialization?
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It is not necessary to apply the SerializableAttribute attribute to an object before serializing it.
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The two type of serialization are:
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binary and xml
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binary and string
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string and xml
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serializable and binary
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A [blank_start]dynamic link library[blank_end] is a library that contains functions and code that can be used by more than one program at a time.
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dynamic link library
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direct link library
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class
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namespace
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When building a class library, you are building an assembly which contains DLLs.
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The [blank_start]StringBuilder[blank_end] class represents a mutable string of characters.
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StringBuilder
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Builder
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String
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CharArray
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A [blank_start]partial class[blank_end] is used when a class definition is very large and not everything can be reasonably stored in a single class file.
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partial class
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child class
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extended class
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sibling class
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[blank_start]Enum[blank_end] is used to declare a list of named integer constants.
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Enum
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struct
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IEnumerable
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IntGroup
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You can assign a null to int.
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a [blank_start]constant[blank_end] is defined at the time of declaration and cannot be changed whereas a a [blank_start]readonly[blank_end] field can be changed at runtime inside a non-static constructor.
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constant
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readonly
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readonly
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constant
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Every class in C# is derived from the base class named Object.
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C#' s strong typing resolves at runtime.
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An explicit conversion should be done when there is a risk that an implicit conversion would lost information.
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Unit testing is done by both developer and testers.
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The [blank_start]arrange[blank_end] section of a unit test method initializes objects and sets the value of the data that is passed to the method under test.
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The [blank_start]act[blank_end] section of unit testing invokes the method under test with the arranged parameters.
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The [blank_start]assert[blank_end] section of a unit test verifies that the action of the method under test behaves as expected.
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The [blank_start]is[blank_end] operator is used to check if the run-time type of an object is compatible with the given type or not whereas [blank_start]as[blank_end] operator is used to perform conversion between compatible reference types or Nullable types.
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The keyword [blank_start]volatile[blank_end] ensures that all threads operating on an object will receive the latest value of the object when they receive it.
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volatile
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variable
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changeable
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recent
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Which of the following are generic types?
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List
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Dictionary
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Hashset
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ArrayList
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BitArray
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Which of the following are non-generic types?
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ArrayList
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BitArray
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List
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Dictionary
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Hashset
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Generic collections hold elements of the same datatype.
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Non-generic collections hold elements of the same datatype.
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There are 3 types of collections in C#.
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The process of converting a value type to a reference type is called [blank_start]boxing.[blank_end]
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A [blank_start]value type[blank_end] stores the value in its memory space whereas a [blank_start]reference type[blank_end] stores the address of the value.
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value type
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reference type
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reference type
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value type
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The namespace for generics is
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int[1, 2, 3,] marks; is the correct way to declare an integer array
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int[] marks = new int[10] is will declare an integer array that can hold 10 values.
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IEnumerable<T> is an interface which supports iteration of a collection of a [blank_start]specified type.[blank_end]
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specified type.
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unspecified type
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IEnumerable<T> is an interface that defines methods to manipulate generic collections.
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If using multiple catch blocks, the most specific exception should be caught first.
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[blank_start]LINQ[blank_end] is the name for a set of technologies that integrates query capabilities directly into the C# langauge.
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LINQ
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Q.U.E.R.Y.
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LINK
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LINKED
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A destructor for an object can be declared by placing a _____ in front of the destructor name
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SOLID stands for Single Responsibility Principle, Open closed Principle, Liskov substitution Principle, Interface Segregation Principle, Dependency Integration Principle
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A private constructor is used to ensure that a class [blank_start]_____[blank_end]
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cannot be instantiated
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must be instantiated
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may be instantiated
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The Single Responsibility Principle states that a class [blank_start]____________[blank_end]
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should only have one purpose
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needs methods that perform one task
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should only have one method
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should only have one constructor
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The Open-Closed Principle states that a Software Entity should be open for [blank_start]extension[blank_end] but closed to [blank_start]modification[blank_end].
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extension
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modification
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modification
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extension
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The Liskov substitution principle states that given a specific base class, any class that inherits from it can be a substitute for the base class.
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The Interface Segregation Principle suggests that [blank_start]having many specific interfaces[blank_end] is the best design.
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having many specific interfaces
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having one large interface
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having many abstract classes
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having many different classes
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The [blank_start]Dependency Inversion Principle[blank_end] states that code should depend upon abstractions, not concrete implementations.
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Dependency Inversion Principle
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Single Responsibility Principle
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Liskov Substitution Principle
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Interface Segregation Principle
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Open-Closed Principle
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A class should inherit everything from its base class and, if necessary, override any of those inherited methods if something needs to be changed. This is an example of _________.
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Open-Closed Principle
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Single Responsibility Principle
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Liskov Substitution Principle
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Interface Segregation Principle
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Dependency Inversion Principle
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What does REST stand for?
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Representational State Transfer
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Resolved State Transfer
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Representational Status Transfer
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Representational State Transmission
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REST is loosely coupled.
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REST can deliver data in multiple formats such as HTML, XML, JSON, YAML, etc.
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What does SOAP stand for?
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Simple Object Access Protocol
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Standard Object Access Protocol
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Simple Object Abstraction Protocol
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Simple Object Access Program
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SOAP can return data in many formats such as XML, JSON, or HTML.
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Which of the following are components of a SOAP message?
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Envelope
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Header
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Body
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Fault
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Message
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Metadata
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[blank_start]SOAP[blank_end] is a standardized protocol with pre-defined rules to follow.
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[blank_start]REST[blank_end] is an architectural style with loose guideline recommendations.
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[blank_start]SOAP[blank_end] can be stateful or stateless and [blank_start]REST[blank_end] is stateless.
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[blank_start]SOAP[blank_end] is more secure than [blank_start]REST[blank_end].
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REST would be more appropriate for enterprise environments.
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[blank_start]Action[blank_end] delegates take no parameters and return nothing (they are void).
[blank_start]Func[blank_end] delegates should be used if you are expecting return values.
[blank_start]Predicate[blank_end] functions are a delegate or anonymous function which returns a boolean.
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Action
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Func
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Predicate
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Func
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Action
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Predicate
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Predicate
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Action
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Func
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A Tuple is a structure that contains a sequence of elements of different data types that can be used if you need to store an object with properties but don't want to create a separate type for it.
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A Tuple can hold a maximum of [blank_start]8[blank_end] elements
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A nested class can be instantiated separately from its parent class.
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A nested class can be declared private such that it can only be seen by its parent class and other nested classes of the parents.
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A stack has an [blank_start]add[blank_end] and get method.
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A stack is First In Last Out
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A Queue is First In First Out.