1948539
Frage 1
Frage
The redox centre of FAD is
Antworten
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Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
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Nicotinamide
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Adenosine
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Phosphate
Frage 2
Frage
Which of the following nucleotide triphosphates is often involved in signal transduction and also provides the energy for ribosomal translocation?
Antworten
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CTP
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TTP
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UTP
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GTP
Frage 3
Frage
Which monosaccharide provides the main source of energy for sperm cells?
Antworten
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Glucose
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Fructose
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Galactose
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Mannose
Frage 4
Frage
Which pathway(s) include phosphorylated seven carbon monosaccharides?
Antworten
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Calvin cycle
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Leloir pathway
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Glycogen synthesis
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All of the above
Frage 5
Frage
The isomerisation of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate occurs in which two pathways?
Antworten
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Calvin cycle and glycogen synthesis
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Leloir pathway and Calvin cycle
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Leloir pathway and glycolysis
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Leloir pathway and glycogen synthesis
Frage 6
Frage
Steroids
Antworten
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Are entirely hydrophobic molecules
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Often act as hormones
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Cannot pass through cell membranes
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Are mainly hydrophilic molecules
Frage 7
Frage
The sequence of reactions: oxidation-hydration-oxidation occurs in which two pathways?
Antworten
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β-oxidation of fatty acids and tricarboxylic acid (Krebs’) cycle
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β-oxidation of fatty acids and glycolysis
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Fatty acid synthesis and tricarboxylic acid (Krebs’) cycle
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Fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis
Frage 8
Frage
The mobility of membrane phospholipids can be demonstrated by
Antworten
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Irradiating a leaf and watching the return of the green colour
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Observing the molecules using an electron microscope
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Paper chromatography of the lipids and staining
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Bleaching of fluorescently labelled phospholipids and watching the return of the fluorescence
Frage 9
Frage
Cholesterol is an example of what class of molecule?
Antworten
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Sterol
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Fatty acid
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Ketose monosaccharide
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Aldose monosaccharide
Frage 10
Frage
In the Calvin cycle, how many molecules of carbon dioxide are required for the synthesis of one molecule of fructose 6-phosphate?
Antworten
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3
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4
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6
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12
Frage 11
Frage
In cellulose, the glucose residues are bonded together by:
Antworten
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α(1→4) glycosidic bonds
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α(1→4) glycosidic bonds with α(1→6) glycosidic bonds approximately every tenth residue
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β(1→4) glycosidic bonds
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β(1→4) glycosidic bonds with β(1→6) glycosidic bonds approximately every tenth residue
Frage 12
Frage
Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?
Antworten
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Sucrose
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Maltose
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Lactose
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Galactose
Frage 13
Frage
The carnitine cycle
Antworten
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“Fixes” atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars
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Transports fatty acids into the matrix of the mitochondria
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Transports ATP out of the mitochondria
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Produces NADH for use in oxidative phosphorylation
Frage 14
Frage
Glycerol can be used as a source of energy by conversion to the glycolytic intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Per molecule of glycerol, this process:
Antworten
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Produces one molecule of NADH and consumes one molecule of ATP
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Produces one molecule of ATP and consumes one molecule of NADH
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Produces one molecule of NADH and consumes no molecules of ATP
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Produces no molecules of NADH and consumes one molecule of ATP
Frage 15
Frage
Fatty acid synthesis:
Antworten
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Requires NADH
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Requires water as a reactant
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Adds carbon atoms two at a time
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All of the above
Frage 16
Frage
In enzyme kinetics, the ratio of constants kcat/Km:
Antworten
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Is a measure of the rate of acceleration carried out by the enzyme.
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For a given enzyme is independent of the substrate used.
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Has units of concentration.
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Gives an idea of the enzymes catalytic efficiency.
Frage 17
Frage
In enzyme catalysis, the term ‘approximation’ refers to:
Antworten
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A catalytic strategy facilitating transition state formation through covalent bond formation between the substrate and enzyme active site.
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A catalytic strategy facilitating transition state formation through hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic bond formation between the substrate and enzyme active site.
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A catalytic strategy facilitating transition state formation through interaction involving metal ions and substrate in the enzyme active site.
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A catalytic strategy facilitating transition state formation through direct transfer of a proton to or from the substrate in the enzyme active site.
Frage 18
Frage
Consider an enzyme that shows Michaelis-Menten kinetics where:
v0 = Vmax . [S] / (Km + [S])
If a substrate, S, is present at a concentration of 8 mM, and Km is 4 mM, the rate of reaction (v0) measured will be:
Antworten
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Half of Vmax
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Two thirds of Vmax
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Double Vmax
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Three times Vmax
Frage 19
Frage
Koshland’s induced fit model for enzyme-substrate complex formation:
Antworten
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May explain why enzymes have particular substrate specificity.
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May explain why enzymes are able to catalyse chemical reactions that cannot be facilitated in any other way
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May explain why enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reduction of the activation energy change for the reaction
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May explain why enzymes can effectively reduce the loss of energy from a chemical reaction as heat
Frage 20
Frage
Enzymes:
Antworten
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are chemically altered at the end of their reaction
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are involved in changing the equilibrium constant of the reaction that they catalyse
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bind their substrates at their active site(s)
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increase the activation energy of the reaction they catalyse
Frage 21
Frage
The Michaelis constant, Km:
Antworten
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Is a measure of the rate acceleration caused by the enzyme
-
For a given enzyme is independent of the substrate used
-
Has units of concentration
-
Gives an idea of the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency
Frage 22
Frage
The Vmax of an enzyme catalysed reaction:
Antworten
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Is altered when a competitive inhibitor is present
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Can be determined from the intercept on the x-axis of a Lineweaver-Burk plot
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Is the maximum rate at which the enzyme can convert substrate into product
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Has units of concentration
Frage 23
Frage
Proteosome-mediated proteolysis:
Antworten
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Is controlled by serine protease enzymes.
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Is a key part of the control mechanism in the eukaryote cell cycle
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Is a key part of the control mechanism in the prokaryote cell cycle
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Is controlled by ubiquinone activating enzymes.
Frage 24
Frage
The Alanine Cycle:
Antworten
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Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix.
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Facilitates transport of ammonia produced in the liver to the muscles where it can be used in anabolic processes - preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
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Facilitates transport of ammonia produced in the muscles to the liver where it can be effectively removed from the body - preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
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Is located in the cell membrane of muscle cells.
Frage 25
Frage
Which of the following is a Redox Centre of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Enzymes?
Antworten
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NADPH
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Succinate
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Oxygen
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FMN, flavin
Frage 26
Frage
In Photosynthesis energy of light Quanta is captured by a molecule of:
Antworten
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Plastoquinone
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Oxygen
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Chlorophyll
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Cytochrome c
Frage 27
Frage
What is the overall equation for a light phase of Photosynthesis?
Antworten
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18CO2+ 2 NADPH + 3 ATP + light → 2 NADPH + 3 Glucose + 3 ADP + 18O2
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2 H2O + 2 NADP+ + 3 ADP + 3 Pi + light → 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 3 ATP + O2
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2 H2O + 2 NAD+ 2 Pi → 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 + light
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CO2 + light + H2O → Glucose + O2
Frage 28
Frage
Uncouplers inhibit Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation due to:
Antworten
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Inhibition of respiratory chain
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Their ability to translocate protons and dissipate the membrane potential
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Inhibition of ATP-hydrolysis
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Inhibition of glycolysis
Frage 29
Frage
Which of the following statements about light phase of Photosynthesis is incorrect?
Antworten
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Proton-translocating ATP-synthase of thylakoid membrane can synthesise ATP
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Photosystem I and II can capture light quanta
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The thylakoid membrane is negatively charged on the lumen side
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The proton motive force can be used for active transport
Frage 30
Frage
In biochemical pathways the metabolic cycles are:
Antworten
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Compounds which occur at cross-over or branching points in metabolic pathways
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Initial substrates which feed into metabolic pathways
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Compounds which catalyse the individual steps in a metabolic pathway
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Metabolic hubs which allow the use and re-use of relatively small numbers of molecules
Frage 31
Frage
Protein degradation is an example of which type of biochemical pathway?
Antworten
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Anabolic
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Catabolic
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Amphibolic
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Hyperbolic
Frage 32
Frage
Which of the following is true of endotherms?
Antworten
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They generate most of their heat through internal processes
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They get most of their heat from the environment
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They generate most of their heat from external processes
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They cannot regulate their body temperature
Frage 33
Frage
Which ONE of the following statements are true for the sympathetic nervous system?
Antworten
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It prepares us for strenuous muscular activity
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It prepares us for relaxing (non-strenuous) activity
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It is one of 3 autonomic nervous systems
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It is a part of the endocrine system
Frage 34
Frage
Diabetes insipidus is a disease caused by:
Antworten
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A lack of insulin
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A lack of ADH
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A lack of oxytocin
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An excess of insulin
Frage 35
Frage
Cyclic AMP is:
Antworten
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An activator of pyruvate kinase C
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An activator of protein kinase A
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The product of adenylate kinase
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An activator of phosphofructokinase-1
Frage 36
Frage
Phosphofructokinase-1 Activity is:
Antworten
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stimulated by citrate
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inhibited by citrate
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inhibited by AMP
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inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
Frage 37
Frage
Glycogen Phosphorylase is:
Antworten
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inhibited by AMP
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activated by phosphorylation
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activated by glucose
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inhibited by phosphorylation
Frage 38
Frage
Protein Kinase A:
Antworten
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is an allosteric enzyme
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is activated by ADP
-
phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase
-
phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase
Frage 39
Frage
Cancer cells produce large amounts of Lactate even in the presence of Oxygen because they:
Antworten
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Lack mitochondria
-
Lack the gene for citrate synthase
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Possess an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle
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Have a defective glycerol phosphate shuttle
Frage 40
Frage
We know relatively little about the metabolism of the liver fluke. What is the most realistic prediction about galactose metabolism in this organism compared to the one we know about in humans?
Antworten
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It will follow the Leloir pathway like in humans
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It will follow a different pathway because it is a parasite
-
It will follow a different pathway because it eats different food
-
We cannot make any realistic predictions
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